Unit 13: Prokaryotes
Read Lab safety page 87 of lab book
4 - Kingdoms
2-Domains
DOMAIN
“Eubacteria”
Eschericia coli Monera -diagram
DNA ejected from E. coli 1000 times length of cell. Cell treated with
enzyme to weaken cell wall.
Bacterial reproduction: Binary fission
flagellum
Bacterial flagella
Bacterial capsules
photosynthetic
bacteria
Photosynthetic
bacteria
Photosynthetic and chemosynthetic bacteria
Bacteriophage and single strand of DNA
Gene cloning by
bacteria.
nodule
Root Nodule
Exercise 1:
Bacterial types
individual cell in chain
(not filamentous)
Exercise 1: Bacteria Types - rod shaped
cluster of many cells
Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spherical shaped
individual cell
Exercise 1: Bacterial Types - spiral shaped
Exercise 2:
Demonstration Slides
On the Side table are several microscopes set up
to demonstrate the following bacteria:
1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae – “Gonorrhoeae” Cocci,
gram negative
2. Borrelia burgdorferi – “Lyme disease”
3. Salmonella enteritidis - “Salmonella” gram
negative
4. Treponema sp. - “Syphilis”
5. Bacterial flagella – special stain to show flagella
Exercise 3:
Living Cultures of
Eubacteria
1. Obtain a dry microscope slide.
2. Your instructor will dispense to you one of
the following living bacteria.
1. Bacillus megaterium
2. Spirillium volutans
3. After observing place slide in the
disinfectant container on table.
Exercise 4:
Extracellular Digestion
Compare the results of the extracellular
digestion demonstration on the two different
Bacillus bacteria.
Extra cellular Digestion
Starch Agar
No iodine
Bacillus subtilis
Extra cellular Digestion
Starch Agar
Iodine added
Bacillus subtilis
Extra cellular Digestion
Starch Agar
No iodine
Bacillus brevis
Extra cellular Digestion
Starch Agar
Bacillus brevis
Iodine
B. brevis lack the enzyme to digest starch
Exercise 5:
Effect of Antibiotics on
Bacteria
Bacteria cell wall::
upper gram positive
-- cell wall consists of
thick peptidoglycan
layers. Lower:
Gram negative --thick
outer layer of
lipoprotein and
lipopolysaccharide;
inner layer thin layer
of
peptidoglycan.
Eukayotic cells do not
have peptidoglycans-penicillin has no effect
on them.
Gram negative cells
do not have
cross links in the
peptidoglycan layer
and
are not susceptible to
penicillin.
Gram “+” and “-”
E. Coli Gram (-)
GM
N
E
TE
P
CC
AM
SSS
S
C
CB
CIP
Bacillus meg. Gram (+)
GM
E
TE
N
P
CC
SSS
AM
S
C
CB
E. Coli (-) & Bacillus meg. (+)
CC
E
GM
N
P
Bacillus megaterium (Gram +)
E. Coli (Gram -)
Bacillus megaterium
E. coli
Exercise 6:
Living Cultures of
Cyanobacteria
DOMAIN
Eubacteria
“Blue-greens”
Cyanobacteria
Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,
Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus
thermozonation = different species communities
Norris Geyser Basin - Yellowstone,
Thermoanoerobacter ethanolicus
Norris Geyser Basin Yellowstone,
Thermoanoerobacter
ethanolicus
individual cell in filament
Ocillatoria living cyanobacteria
Anabaena
See page 290 Fig 14-14 of Biology of Plants for explanation
Gloeocapsa
Lyngbyna
Macrocystus
Spiralina
Spiralina
DOMAIN“Archaea”
Exercise 7 Archaea
1. Obtain prepared slide # 65a
2. This slide has a mix of three Archaea
bacteria.
1. Halobacteria salinarium – small rods.
2. Methanomonas methylovara – larger
rods.
3. Halococcus agglomeratus – coccus.
Biology of Plants: Fig 13-8 page 270
An Universal evolutionary Tree as determined by comparing sequences
of Ribosomal RNA
Biology of Plants: Table 13-3 page 271
Exercise 8
How Diseases Spread
Follow instructions on handout
The End
We hope you have enjoyed this
presentation on Bacteria life and you will
come again next week to see the exciting
world of Fungi!!