A discussion of literary awesomeness faizrisd@gmail.com
http://faizal.stainsalatiga.ac.id

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 literature
1. The body of written works of a language, period, or culture.
2. Imaginative or creative writing, especially of recognized artistic value.
3. The art or occupation of a literary writer.
4. The body of written work produced by scholars or researchers in a given field: medical literature.
5. Printed material: subject.
collected all the available literature on the
6.
Music All the compositions of a certain kind or for a specific instrument or ensemble: the symphonic literature.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/literature

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LITERATURE LEARNING
What’s literature?
The writing or the study of books, etc valued as works of art (drama, fiction, essays, poetry, biography, contrasted with technical books and journalism)(Hornby dictionary).
What’s learning?
The acquisition and development of memories and behaviors, including skills, knowledge, understanding, values, and wisdom.

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The aims of literature learning
To widen our knowledge and visions to understand more about some great literary works, famous authors, and their thought. It will also make us get acquainted with their ideas, their feelings, and their attitudes towards life, man, nature and God.

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The aims of literature learning
It is a means of transformation, that is, indirectly it may lead the wrong back to the right path although not all literary works are preaching and moralizing.
Instances: Hemingway’s
Dickens’s Oliver twist
George Eliot’s
The old man and the sea
, Shakespeare’s
Silas Marner ,
Hamlet ,
Gullivers’s Travel, Stevenson’s Treasure Island and
Oscar wilde’s Happy prince .
Jonathan Swift’s
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Another Distinction of literary genres:
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Popular Fiction vs. “Serious” Literary works
Pop fiction like Harry Potter movies and pop song lyrics are considered less valuable than
“serious” literary works like Shakespearian drama, Dickens's novel or Wordsworth’s poem

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Recently in Indonesian people talk about:
Secular literature vs Islamic/dakwah literature.
The secular one refers to Shaman’s Ayu Utami and a writer like Dinar rahayu whereas the
Islamic one refers to HTR, Asma Nadia,
Tasaro’s “Nibiru”, Gola Gong etc.

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The aims of literature learning
Literature helps us to be (become more) realistic, mature, wise and humane. It helps understand human values, sentiments, interests and problems. It brings us closer to other human beings of the same or different nationalities, cultures, human values etc. we become more tolerant, balanced and fuller.

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Literary genres prose
Literature Drama poetry
Short story
Novella novel
Comedy tragedy
Epics
Ballads
Lyrical poetry

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1. characters: protagonist, antagonist, minor characters.
2. setting: time and place
3. plot: beginning, complication, climax and resolution (dénouement)
4.message/theme: what actually the author want to convey by his or her literary works of art.

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The nature of good literature
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Good literature must seem lifelike and meaningful . it is caused by its focus on the central themes of all literature: life, truth, justice and love.
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The nature of good literature
The originality of the works of art. Instances:
and
were real historical characters but then Shakespeare by his craftsmanship and style made out of these old figures and stories in a new and fascinating light.

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The nature of good literature
It should be life-enhancing. Matthew Arnold said about poetry as a criticism of life. Andre harjana says,”literature deals with the the awakeing of mental conscience and inner self insight”(1985:22).

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Imitative or “mimetic” theory
This theory holds that art is an imitation of something. In his Poetics, Aristotle (382-322
B.C) says, that a tragedy is an imitation of an action that is serious and complete. it is not
100% imitation but a “re-creation” or “representation”.

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The Expressive theory
This theory holds that the artist is not essentially an imitator but a man who expresses his feelings. According to william wordsworth,
“poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings and “the poet’s job is to treat things NOT
AS THE ARE..but as they seem to exist to the sense, the passion.” more than that it is an effort to pluck the blindfold from our eyes and melt the ice around our heart. It will deepen our sensibilities.

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Affective theory
Affective theory insists that the aim is not to induce a temporary emotional state. But to induce emotional state that will lead to action. Leo Tolstoy said that emotion is not an end but a means. Alexander Pope said that the aim or art is to reform those whom it touches.