Introduction to Wireless
Sensor Networks
Telemetry and WSNs
24 January 2005
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Organizational
Class Website
www.engineering.uiowa.edu/~ece195/2005/
Class Time
Monday
4:30-5:20
Room 4511 SC
Thursday
12:30-1:20
Room 3220 SC
Please note that the room numbers are different for
Mondays and Thursdays.
Office Hours
Monday
5:20-6:20
Room 1126 SC
Thursday
1:30-2:30
Room 1126 SC
Other
By appointment
Room 523C SHL
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Review Questions
• Explain how advances in MEMS have
contributed to the development of WSNs
• List and briefly explain the purpose of four
building blocks of a Mote.
• List and briefly explain the function of the OS
on a WSN node
• Name and briefly explain a technological,
scientific, and cultural development that
have contributed to the development of
WSNs
• What is TinyOS?
• Explain (to a non-expert) what is a mote
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Telemetry
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Distance measurement
Most often radio link
Military
Environmental
Industrial (SCADA)
Biological
Medical
Non-military – ISM bands
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ISM Bands
• The industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM)
radio bands
• Originally internationally for non-commercial
use of RF. Limitations on data.
• Today, commercial, Wireless LAN, Bluetooth,
IEEE 802.xx networks. No limitations on
data.
• Bands
– 900 MHz band (33.3 cm wavelength)
– 2.4 GHz band (12.2 cm wavelength)
– 5.8 GHz band (5.2 cm wavelength)
• License Free, but NOT unregulated
• Often Spread Spectrum, but need not be
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UAV’s
Wallops Island
Weather
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CSBUOY-NS Buoy System
• Datalogger
• 900 MHz wireless transceiver
• 1/4 wave whip antenna
• Rechargeable battery
• Solar panel
• ~ 1.5 km LOS
• 900 MHz
• Water quality, temperature
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Biotelemetry
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Albatross tracking
Predatory bird tracking
Whale tracking
Caribou tracking
Body composition of sea lions
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Argos Satellite System
• International: CNES, NASA, NOAA
• Polar orbiting satellite
• Ground stations
– Fairbanks (AK), Wallops Island (VA) &
Lannion, France
• Pre-processed by the National
Environmental Satellite, Data, and
Information Service (NESDIS) in
Suitland Maryland
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Argos
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Argos Applications
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Fishing Management
Protecting Wildlife
Ocean and Climate
Monitoring Volcanoes
Tracking Sailboats
Tracking Expeditions
Tracking Hazardous Materials
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Biotelemetry: Northern Pintail
USGS Western
Ecological Research
Center Pinsat
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Biotelemetry
CNES, NASA, or NOAA,
polar orbiting satellite
12 gram, solar PTT from
Microwave Telemetry,
includes GPS
Argos processing
center
$5K per node
and
operating costs
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Medical: Video Pill
• Light, video camera, transmitter
• Receiver strapped on patient
• Swallow
Video pill & standard endoscope
24 hours to travel through body
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The pill's view of the stomach and intestine
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Asset Tracking
• Terminology
– Fleet tracking, Asset Tracking
• Combine GPS + Radio (cell phone)
• Mature: Turn-key
• Marketed as a service. Companies will
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Install hardware
Deal with phone companies
Provide tracking software
Monthly charge
• Real-time tracking (high-end)
• Locator services (low-end)
• OnStar
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Example of an Asset Tracking Kit
Web-based software
Asset Tracking Cell Modem
• Commercial Cell
• GPS Interface
• Robust
• Extended Temperature
• Vibration
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Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)
• Oil, Telecommunications, Power
industries, Municipal water systems
• GOOGLE “SCADA Software” => 60K
hits
 Pressure
 Temperature
 Flow
 Levels
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Think Back -Sensor Network
Antenna
Server
Interface
electronics, radio
and microcontroller
Soil moisture
probe
Communications
Sensor field
Mote
barrier
Gateway
Internet
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Think Back -Sensor Network
Server
Watershed
Sensor
field
Gateway
Internet
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Telemetry vs. Sensor Networks
• Similarities
– Wireless
– Measurements, sensors, …
• Important Differences
– Network vs. non-networked
– Embedded intelligence (in-network
processing) vs. centralized processing
– Cost
– Ad Hoc vs. Specialized
– New vs. Old
– Genealogy (Engineering vs. CS)
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Next Time: Wireless Terms,
FAQ, & Glossary
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