
Multi-celled

Heterotrophic (Consumer)

Has a Nucleus (Eukaryotic)


It is the largest Kingdom so far. ( See Link )
There are over 1.3 million species of Animals

42,300
Invertebrates
Vertebrates
990,000



They do not have a backbone
Classification by structure can be done in several ways.
◦ Body Plan (See next Slides)
◦ Presence or Absence of a Head , Most animals have a head. But, some of the simpler animals like sponges do not have a brain or a head.
◦ Food Digestion ( Almost all animals have a gut.
A gut is a pouch lined with cells that release powerful enzymes. The enzymes break the food down into very small particles that can be absorbed by the body.


, Animals with radial symmetry have a body that is organized around the center like spokes on a bicycle wheel.


Animals with this type of body plan could be split into two resulting in identical halves.


Asymmetrical;
Animals with this body plan cannot be divided equally into two halves or be the same in any direction.



Porifera , Cnidaria , Platyhelminthes ,
Nematoda , Annelida , Mollusca ,
Arthropoda , Echinodermata
Note: The animal phyla listed above are listed in order of most simple to most complex.

1. Name Seeker _________________________3. Sample Organizer/Reader________________________
2. Structure Seeker _____________________ 4. Document Reader ______________________________
Animal
Kingdom Classification
Invertebrate
Phylum (9 Different)
1. ______________(sponges)
Structural Characteristics
Vertebrate
Phylum (Chordata)
1. Chordata
2. _________________ (jelly fish)
3. __________________ (flat worms)
4. _________________
(roundworms)
5. ___________ (earthworms, leeches)
6. _____________ (snails, octopi)
7. ___________________(star fish, sand dollars)
8. ___________________
(insects, spiders, crayfish, lobsters)
Chordata Classes
1.
Mammalia
2.
Aves (Birds)
3.
Reptilia
4.
Amphibia
5.
Fish
Structural Characteristics

Invertebrate Animals
Phyla
1. Phylum Porifera
- Have pores in body walls
2. Phylum Cnidaria
- Have Stingers/Nervous System
3. Phylum Platyhelminthes
- Have flattened bodies
4. Phylum Nematoda
- Have simple brain/round body
5. Phylum Annelida
- Advanced Nervous/Body Seg.
6. Phylum Mollusca
- Have Soft Body/Shells on Some
7. Phylum Arthropoda
- Jointed Legs/Exoskeleton
8. Phylum Enchinodermata
- Have Spines/Simple Nervous
Vertebrate Animals
Classes
Class Mammals
- Have Fur
- Make Milk
- Have Lungs
Class Birds
- Have Beaks
- Have Wings and Feathers
- Have Hollow Bones
Class Fish
- Have Scales
- Have Gills
Class Reptiles
- Scales and Dry Skin
Class Amphibians
- Thin Skin for H20
- Smooth Skin

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
This phylum includes the sponges and are the simplest of all animals. They have no brain, nerves or gut. Most are found in the ocean.
They have pores in their body walls so that water can enter and they can filter feed.


Kingdom: Animalia
◦ Phylum: Porifera (Pores in the body wall)
 Common Name = Sponges
 Reproduction = Both Sexual and Asexual
 Symmetry = Assymetrical
 Classification Structures
1. Pores (meaning holes) in the body wall
2. Skeleton of spicules
3. No nervous system (meaning brain, nerves etc.)
4. Few organs and tissues and are multi-celled.
 Samples:
 1A Class Calcarera and Genus Hippospongia
 1B Class Calcarera and Genus Grantia



This phylum include things like Jellyfish,
Hydra, and Sea
Anemones. They are more complex than sponges. They have a gut, and a nervous system
They have tentacles that sting
Sea Anemone
Jelly Fish
Hydra


Kingdom: Animalia
◦ Phlylum: Cnidaria
 Common Name = Jelly Fish, Sea Anemones, Sea Urchin, Comb
Jellies, Hydras, Corals etc.
 Reproduction = Both Sexual and Asexual
 Symmetry = Radial
 Classification Structures
1.
Net like nervous systems
2.
Stinging tenacles and are multi-celled
3.
They have a body cavity and a mouth but have few organs and tissues.
 Samples: 2A = Comb Jelly, 2B = Sea Anemone, 2C Jellies



This includes flat worms. They have a head and a gut and even eyes. Examples include flukes and tapeworms.
They have flattened bodies
Pork Tapeworm


Kingdom Animalia
◦ Phylum: Platyhelminthes
 Common Name = Flat Worms, Tapeworms, Fluke,
Planarian.
 Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents)
 Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical
 Classification Structures
1.
Have a mouth but no tail end (blind gut)
2.
No hollow area inside and the bodies are flat.
 Samples:
 3A = Class Cestoda (tapeworm)
 3B = Class Turbellaria (flatworm)

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
This group includes parasite type round worms.
They are very tiny and round. A single rotten apple lying on the ground could contain as many as 100,000 roundworms. They help break down dead animals and plants to build soil. They have a get and a very simple brain. They are parasites
(meaning live on and in other things) and can infect humans. Some of the more popular forms are pin worms and hook worms.
These are cylinder (round) shaped worms


Kingdom: Animalia
◦ Phylum: Nematoda
 Common Name = Round Worm.
 Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents)
 Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical
 Classification Structures
1.
Nematodes have round bodies.
2.
They have no circulatory system
3.
Have a simple nervous system
4.
Have two layers of cells tissues and organs.
 Samples:
 4A = Genus Ascaris
 4B = Genus Lumbricus Species terrestris



These include segmented worms. They have a more advanced nervous system and gut than the more simple invertebrates
Bodies are made of identical repeating segments


Kingdom: Animalia
◦ Phylum: Annelida (segmented worms)
 Common Name = Earth Worms, Delightful rain, and dew.
 Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents)
 Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical
 Classification Structures
1.
Has a true body cavity (coelom).
2.
Has a mouth and a tail end.
3.
Has a closed circulatory system (meaning blood contained in vessels instead of out in the open)
4.
Has a nervous system, and segmented bodies.
 Samples:
 No Sample (sorry)

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
This group includes snails, clams and squid, oysters and more. They have the most advanced nervous system of all invertebrates. You will get to dissect a squid.
They have soft bodies and some are covered by a shell.
Octopus
Squid


Kingdom: Animalia
◦ Phylum: Mollusca
 Common Name = squid, octopi, snails, clams, slugs, oysters, etc. .
 Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents)
 Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical
 Classification Structures
1.
Mollusks have many cell layers
2.
They have tissues and organs,
3.
They have no body cavity or hollow place
4.
They have a nervous system, open circulatory system, and kidneys.
5.
Some have gills for breathing in water.
6.
Some have shells.
7.
Some have a muscular foot for movement.
 Samples:
 6A = Genus Helix (land snail) There are two samples to see.



This group includes spiders, ticks, insects, and crustaceans and more. This group is the largest group of animals on earth. In fact 75% of all animals are arthropods.
This group may have many joints in their legs, a segmented body, an exoskeleton and a very well developed nervous system.
Stag
Beetle:
Class
Insecta

King Crab: Class Crustacea
Stag Beetle: Class Insecta
Millipede:
Class
Millipede
Centipede:
Class
Centipede
Lynx Spider: Class
Arachnida


Kingdom: Animalia
◦ Phylum Arthropoda
 Common Name = insects (class insecta), spiders (class arachnid), crayfish and lobster (class crustacea), rolly polly bugs, scorpians, trilobites (extinct) millipedes and centipedes.
 Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents)
 Symmetry = Bilaterally Symmetrical
 Classification Structures
1.
Have many cell layers
2. Have tissues and organs.
3.
Havemany cells, a body cavity, 3 to 400 + pairs of jointed legs, an exoskeleton,
4.
Have 2 or 3 body sections,
 Samples:
 7A = Class Crustacea (crayfish)
 7B = Class Insecta (lubber grasshopper)
 7C = Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crab)
 7D = Class Trilobite. THIS ONE IS EXTINCT.



This includes starfish, and sea urchins and others.
They have a simple nervous system similar to the jelly fish.
They have spines on their surface.
Sea Urchin
Brittle Star


Kingdom Animalia
◦ Phylum Echinodermata
 Common Name = starfish, sea urchin, britter star, sand dollar, sea cucumbers and etc.
 Reproduction = Mostly Sexual (two parents)
 Symmetry = mostly radial sometimes bilateral.
 Classification Structures
1.
Have spines on the surface and radial symmetry.
2.
Have 5 rays or arms
3.
Have many cells tissues and organs
4.
Have a true body cavity
 Samples:
 8A = Class echnoidea (sea urchin).
 8B = Class asteroidea (starfish)
 8C = Class echnoidea (sand dollar)



These animals have a backbone and skull
There are five main classes of the Phylum
Chordata: Fish, Amphibians, Reptiles,
Mammals and Birds.


Vertebrate Classes Link




Have gills for breathing in water
Have scales
Have fins for moving
◦ There are about 28,100 species of fishes known, they are divided into 4
classes, 59 orders, 490 families and about 4,300 genus groups. The classification system of fish is not unchanging and it will change when we have more knowledge, perhaps from DNA analyses.
 Class Myxini (Hagfish are eel -shaped, slime-producing, marine fish occasionally called slime eels)
 Class Cephalspidomorphi (Lampreys or Early Jawless Fish with an eel like body form)
 Class Chondrichthyes (Sharks and Rays or Cartilage Fish)
 Osteichthyes (Trout, Salmon and etc.)
 See Link

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


Most amphibians living today are frogs or salamanders.
They are thin skinned and absorb water through the skin.
Live in water and on land.
Frogs, Toads, Salamanders

Gymnophiona Order
Caecilian
Anura Order Anura Order
Frogs and Toads Salamanders Newts




These are ancient. They are thick skinned and cold blooded. This means that they can’t maintain their own body temperature.
The main types of reptiles are crocodiles, alligators, lizards, and snakes.
Dry skin and scales and breath air with lungs or lung like structures.




They have beaks instead of jaws and teeth.
They also have wings and feathers that adapt them for flight.
Breath Air with Lungs or Lung Like
Structures





Have Fur or Hair
Breath with Lungs
Make Milk with Mammary Glands
Give Live Birth and Have a Placenta