Memmler’s A&P
Chap 3
Cells and their functions
Generalized animal cell
p37-38
•Plasma membrane
•Nucleus
•Cytoplasm
•Endoplasmic reticulum:
•Ribosomes
•Mitochondria
•Lysosomes
•Vesicles
•Centrioles
•Cilia
•Flagellum
Plasma membrane p37-39
•regulates what comes
into the cell and what
goes out of the cell.
•Functions of proteins
in the plasma
membrane:
•Channels
•Transporters
•Receptors
•Enzymes
•Linkers
•Cell identity
markers
Cellular diversity p41-42
Protein synthesis p41
• Ribosomes and RNA synthesize protein
• Protein synthesis is necessary because most
body tissues are built from protein.
DNA Table 3-3 page 43
•deoxyribonucleic acid
•DNA contains our
genetic blueprint for
all of our cells
•Its shape is a doublestranded helix
Mitosis p45-47
(somatic cell division)
•When the cell is not
dividing, it is in interphase
•DNA replicates during
interphase.
•A typical cell lives in
interphase for most of its
cycle and spends only a
relatively short period in
mitosis.
•Mitosis
•Prophase
•Metaphase
•Anaphase
•Telophase
Movement of substances across the plasma membrane
p47-48
• Passive transport: no cellular energy is
required for passive transport
Diffusion
p48
Diffusion through a semipermeable
membrane p48
Osmosis p48
• Water moves from an
area of lower solute
concentration to an
area of higher solute
concentration.
• Think of it as the
solutes pulling the
water toward them.
Water follows salt.
Filtration p48
• Passage of water and
dissolved materials
through a membrane as a
result of a mechanical
“pushing” force on one
side.
• The force that causes
filtration in the body is
always the pressure of
blood.
Facilitated diffusion p48
Movement of substances across the
plasma membrane p49-50
Active transport
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis
Endocytosis p50
• Phagocytosis
• Pinocytosis
Exocytosis p51
Effect of osmosis on cells p51-52
Cell aging p51-52
• Programmed cell death: apoptosis
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Heredity
Chemicals
Ionizing radiation
Physical irritation
Diet
Viruses
Cancer risk factors p52