School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Chapter Two Liberty and Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Fundamental Tenets of Classical Liberal Ideology • Faith in Reason • Natural Law • Republican Virtue • Progress • Nationalism • Freedom (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal • • • • Faith in Reason A better guide than tradition, custom, and dogmatic faith Mind as “blank slate” Humankind capable of great feats Galileo, Copernicus, Newton (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal • “Universe isNatural a machine” Law • Understanding yields control • Science replaces theology as guide to action (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Republican Virtue • • • • Perfectibility of the individual Duties to God and to nature The work ethic Men’s virtues/ Women’s virtues (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal • • • • • Progress Continual individual and societal progress toward perfection Changing the world to what ought to be Revolution as an option Commitment to social meliorism Education as the vehicle (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Nationalism • Allegiance to a nation, not a state • A new national identity • Uneasy balance between national government and local selfdetermination (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Freedom • “Negative freedom” Intellectual • Free from external coercion of church and state Political • Representative government Civic • Freedom to “live as one pleases” • Bill of Rights Economic • “Laissez-faire” economy • The Wealth of Nations (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Jefferson’s Plan for Popular Education Elementary Schools Grammar Schools University Self-Education (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal First Tier—Elementary Schools • • • • • Foundation of entire education structure Decentralized districts Three years of free education Screening for future leaders Preparing citizens for effective functioning (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Second Tier—Grammar Schools • • • • Boarding schools Languages, advanced curriculum Developing local leadership Preparation for university (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Third Tier—University Education • Common education from grammar schools allowed for advanced instruction • Specialization in a “science” • Preparation for leadership—law, government, the professions • Education for meritocracy (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Fourth Tier—Self-Education • Lifelong learning as the culmination of educational aims • Jefferson’s support of public libraries • “Knowledge is power; knowledge is safety; knowledge is happiness” (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Concluding Remarks • Political economy and ideology influenced early education processes, inside and outside of schools • Jefferson’s thinking reveals the tensions in classical liberalism • Admirable ideals versus the “dominant ideology” (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Your Professional Vocabulary • democratic localism •Developing Bill for a More General Diffusion of • “divine right” of the nobility Knowledge • elementary schooling • bourgeoisie • faculty psychology • capitalism • faith in human reason • civic freedom • feudalism • classical liberal • freedom and “negative • conservative freedom” (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e School & Society: Chapter 2 Liberty & Literacy: The Jeffersonian Ideal Developing Your Professional Vocabulary • • • • • • • • grammar schools happiness intellectual freedom meritocracy nationalism natural aristocracy natural law patriarchy • • • • • • • • political freedom progress religious revelation republicanism Rockfish Gap Report scientific reason social meliorism virtue (c) 2006 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tozer/Senese/Violas, School and Society, 5e