Topic: Classification
Aim: Describe characteristics of each of the six
kingdoms.
Do Now: Let’s review for tomorrow’s test.
HW: Study for tomorrow’s test!
(cell theory, organelles, prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells, unicellular and multicellular
organisms, cell organization, aerobic and
anaerobic respiration, passive and active
transport)
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Vacuole
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Ribosomes
1. Sodium is
PUMPED
out of a
nerve cell.
2. A unicellular
organism takes
in a particle of
food.
3. Water moves
out of the fish’s
body cells (98%
water) and into
the surrounding
water (96% water)
MONERA
MONERA
FROM THE READING
Archeabacteria
• Unicellular or
multicellular?
• Prokaryotic or
eukaryotic?
• Type of respiration?
• Type of nutrition?
Archeabacteria • Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Anaerobic
• Autotrophic or
heterotrophic
Where do they live?
• Found in extreme environments
– oxygen-free environments
– hot acidic waters of sulfur springs
– bodies of concentrated salt water
Hot Springs
Hydrothermal vents
The hot springs of
Yellowstone National
Park, USA, were
among the first places
Archaebacteria were
discovered.
What were the three types of archaebacteria
you read about?
1. Methanogens:
1. Prefix: methano2. Live in oxygen-free environments and produce
methane
2. Extreme halophiles
1. Live in bodies of concentrated salt water
3. Thermoacidophiles
1. Prefix: thermo2. Live in hot, acidic waters of sulfur springs
Eubacteria
• Unicellular or
multicellular?
• Prokaryotic or
eukaryotic?
Eubacteria • Unicellular
• Prokaryotic
• Autotrophic or
heterotrophic
Yogurt contains lactobacteria,
intestines-friendly bacterial cultures
that foster a healthy colon, and
even lower the risk of colon cancer.
Lactobacteria, especially
acidophilus, promotes the growth
of healthy bacteria in the colon.
The more of these intestinesfriendly bacteria that are present in
your colon, the lower the chance of
colon diseases. Basically, the
friendly bacteria in yogurt seems to
deactivate harmful substances
before they can become
carcinogenic.
• Found everywhere
– most are helpful (produce vitamins, found in yogurt)
– some cause disease (Ex: Strep throat)
Streptococci pyogenes
Salmonella enteriditis
Strep throat
Salmonella poisoning
Fun Fact: There are more bacteria in one
person's mouth than there are people in
the world.
Protists
• Unicellular or multicellular?
• Prokaryotic or eukaryotic?
• Autotrophic or
heterotrophic?
Protists
• Unicellular
• Eukaryotic
• Autotrophic or
heterotrophic
• Ex:
1. Heterotrophic: Protozoa
Ex: Amoeba, paramecium
2. Autotrophic: algae
Fungi
• Unicellular or multicellular?
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic?
Fungi • Multicellular
• Heterotrophic
– Absorb digested food
from their environment
(dead organisms)
• Examples: Mushrooms
Mold
Yeast (unicellular)
Plants
• Unicellular or multicellular?
• Autotrophic or heterotrophic?
Plants • Multicellular
• Autotrophic
• Ex: Trees, grasses…
Animals
• Unicellular or multicellular?
• Autotrophic or
heterotrophic?
•
Multicellular
Animals
• Heterotrophic
• Examples: Humans,
jellyfish, insects, dogs,
fish…
Domain Bacteria is
familiar to most
people when
associated with
human or animal
disease. However,
there are many
bacterial species do
not (and cannot)
cause disease. Many
species even play
beneficial roles by
producing antibiotics
and food. The soil
teems with free-living
bacteria that perform
many essential
functions in the
biosphere, e.g.
nitrogen fixation.
http://www.brainpop.com/science/diversityoflife/clas
sification/
Domain Eukaryota
include protists and
the cells that make
up fungi, plants,
animals.
Domain Archaea wasn't
recognized as a major
domain of life until quite
recently. Scientists were
studying different
prokaryotes and found that
there were two distinctly
different groups: those that
lived at high temperatures or
produced methane clustered
together as a group.
Because of their difference
in genetic makeup,
scientists proposed that life
be divided into 3 domains.
Let’s summarize…
1. Name the six kingdoms.
2. Which kingdoms:
1.
2.
3.
4.
are made up of unicellular organisms?
are made up of multicellular organisms?
are autotrophic?
are heterotrophic?
Review: Identify the kingdom described.
1. Multi-cellular and autotrophic
2. Unicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic or heterotrophic
3. Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophic or
heterotrophic, very common
4. Multi-cellular and heterotrophic
5. Multi-cellular, absorb digested food from the
environment
6. Unicellular, prokaryotic, autotrophic or
heterotrophic, can withstand extreme environments
7. Multi-cellular, heterotrophic, ingest food
Which kingdom is made up of unicellular
organisms with no nucleus and can be
found in hydrothermal vents?
(1.) Eubacteria
(2.) Fungi
(3.) Archaebacteria
(4.) Protists
A scientist recently discovered a pond organism
that is unicellular, contains chloroplasts and
other membrane-bound organelles, and
possesses a flagellum. In which kingdom is this
organism classified?
(1.) Eubacteria
(2.) Fungi
(3.) Protists
(4.) Plant
Mushrooms and molds belong to the
kingdom
(1.) Fungi
(2.) Plants
(3.) Protists
(4.) Animals
An organism that is unicellular, contains
a nucleus and is autotrophic is
classified as a
(1.) Plant
(2.) Protist
(3.) Algae
(4.) Fungi
Multicellular organisms that absorb
digested nutrients from the
environment is classified as
(1.) animals
(2.) fungi
(3.) protists
(4.) paramecia