APA Style
BOOK
Weinstein, C. S., & Mignano, A. (1993).
Organizing the elementary school
classroom: Lessons from research and
practice. New York: McGraw-Hill.
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Vienna
BOOK WITH MULTIPLE EDITIONS
Woolfolk, A. E. (2004). Educational
psychology (9th ed.). Boston: Allyn &
Bacon.
EDITED BOOK
Wittrock, M. (Ed.). (1986). Handbook of research on
teaching (3rd ed.). New York: Macmillan.
• CHAPTER IN AN EDITED BOOK
Anderson, L. M. (1989). Classroom instruction. In M.
Reynolds (Ed.), Knowledge base for beginning teachers
(pp. 101-116). New York: Pergamon.
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tschannen-Moran, M., Woolfolk Hoy,
A., & Hoy, W. K. (1998). Teacher efficacy:
Its meaning and measure. Review of
Educational Research, 68, 202-248.
Electronic Media
Article in an Internet-only journal
Fredrickson, B. L. (2000, March 7). Cultivating positive emotions to optimize health and well
being. Prevention & Treatment, 3, Article 0001a. Retrieved November 20, 2000, from
http://journals.apa.org/prevention/volume3/pre0030001a.html
Stand-alone document, no author identified, no date. If the author of a document is
not identified, begin the reference with the title of the document.
GVU's 8th WWW user survey. (n.d.). Retrieved August 8, 2000, from
http://www.cc.gatech.edu/gvu/usersurveys/survey1997-10/
Internet articles based on a print source
VandenBos, G., Knapp, S., & Doe, J. (2001). Role of reference elements in the selection of
resources by psychology undergraduates. Journal of Bibliographic Research, 5, 117-123.
Retrieved October 13, 2001, from http://jbr.org/articles.html
See: http://www.apastyle.org/elecsource.html for more information
Crediting an idea
Results of research on teaching suggest that
classroom organization is a key to student learning
(Anderson, 1992; Evertson, Emmer, & Marshall,
1986; Good, 1989). [NOTE: Articles are alphabetical
by first author’s name within parentheses]
OR
Results of research by Anderson (1992), Evertson,
Emmer, and Marshall (1986), and Good (1989),
suggest that classroom organization is a key to
student learning.
Quotes
Many educators agree with Dewey’s (1940) statement,
“Once is never enough when it comes to a good idea” (p.
79). [period after parentheses]
Many educators wonder along with Dewey’s (1940), “Is
once is enough when it comes to a good idea?” (p. 79).
[question mark inside quote if part of original,period after
parentheses]
Quotations of 40 words of more
are blocked and indented on the left but not the right.
Miele (1993) found the following:
The placebo effect…disappeared when behaviors were studied
in this manner. Furthermore the behaviors were never exhibited
again [italics added], when reel [sic] drugs were administered.
Earlier studies (e.g., Abdullah, 1984; Fox, 1979) were clearly
premature in attributing the results to a placebo effect. (p. 276)
[period before parentheses]
Headings: Using 3 levels
Objectives for Learning
(level 1)
The items listed in the overview at the beginning of this
chapter are examples of learning objectives. Although there are many
different approaches to writing objectives, each assumes ....
Kinds of Objectives (level 2)
At a very general, abstract level are the grand goals society
may have for graduates of public schools, such as increased
intellectual development and effective citizenship. But very general
goals become meaningless ....
Mager: Start with the specific. (level 3) Robert Mager has
developed a very influential system for writing instructional
objectives. Mager’s idea is that objectives ought to describe what
students will be doing ....
Headings: Using 3 levels
Objectives for Learning
(level 1)
This is the main heading of a section. It is centered and all the
important words are capitalized. No italics here ....
Kinds of Objectives (level 2)
The 2nd level heading is at the left margin and all the
important words are capitalized. Use italics here ....
Mager: Start with the specific. (level 3) At the 3rd level, the
heading is indented, in italics, only the first word and the first word
after a colon are capitalized. The paragraph starts on the same line as
the heading (it is called a paragraph heading)…..