The Triumph of
the Jeffersonians
The Marshall
Court
The Trials of the
Jeffersonians
The Era of
Good Feeling?
1800-1806
1801-1835
1807-1817
1817-1824
USHC 2.1
Summarize the impact of the westward movement on nationalism and
democracy… as the result of major land acquisitions such as the Louisiana
Purchase…
The
Election of 1800
Jefferson (R)
Burr (R)
73
73
Adams (F) Pinckney (F)
65
64
TIEBREAKER:
House of Representatives
1 vote per state
1800 1804 1808
1812 1816 1820
for president and vice president
Document 4.1
Jeffersonian Principles
From Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address
“We are all
republicans,
REPublic = Government
by REPresentatives
We are all
federalists.”
Division of power
between state
governments and the
central government
(Difference is by Degree) (Difference is by Degree)
Document 4.1
Jeffersonian Principles
From Jefferson’s First Inaugural Address
“We are all
republicans,
We are all
federalists.”
DOMESTIC POLICY
FOREIGN POLICY
(Discontinuity)
(Continuity)
“…a wise and frugal
Government, which shall restrain
men from injuring one another,
shall leave them otherwise free
to regulate their own pursuits of
industry and improvement…”
“…peace, commerce, and
honest friendship with all
nations, entangling
alliances with none.”
After their devastating
defeat in the Election of
1800, “doomsday” was
quickly approaching for
John Adams and the
Federalist Party.
1801
ELECTION
SUCCESSOR’S
TERM
In a “lame duck” session,
the outgoing Congress
meets and passes laws
before the newly-elected
members of Congress can
take their seats.
From Article III,
Section 1
The judicial power of the United
States, shall be vested in one
Supreme Court, and in such inferior
courts as the Congress may from
time to time ordain and establish.
“Lame Duck” Session
Sixteen new federal
circuit judges
Sixteen federal judges
with life tenure would
be able to undermine
Jefferson and the
Republicans from the
bench.


Federalist
Secretary of State
(Adams Administration)

Chief Justice
of the Supreme Court
“Midnight” Appointment
John Marshall
Chief Justice
(1803)
William Marbury
James Madison
(Midnight Judge)
(Secretary of State)
From The Federalist No. 78
The judiciary, from the
nature of its functions, will
always be the least dangerous
to the political rights of the
Constitution...
(1803)
Marshall’s Dilemma
John Marshall
Chief Justice
(1803)
Marshall’s Decision
Judiciary Act of 1789 is
John Marshall
Chief Justice
Marshall:
The Supreme Court
can declare laws to be
unconstitutional.
 (in this case, a federal law
John Marshall
Chief Justice
passed by Congress)
Jefferson
Marshall
(Republican)
(Federalist)
Federalism
Strict / Loose
Construction?
National Bank?
Favored Economic
Pursuit?
Kentucky Resolution:
Who interprets
the Constitution?
Marbury v. Madison:
1819
BUS vs. Maryland
John Marshall
Chief Justice
Maryland had placed a tax on the
Bank of the United States. The
B.U.S. sued Maryland in protest.
1819
THE DECISION:
The Marshall Court ruled
in the Bank’s favor.
John Marshall
Chief Justice
FEDERALISM
ELASTIC CLAUSE
SUPREMACY CLAUSE
IMPLIED POWERS
1819
“The power to tax
involves the power to
destroy.”
John Marshall
McCulloch v. Maryland
John Marshall
Chief Justice
1824
FEDERALISM
COMMERCE
John Marshall
Chief Justice
CLAUSE
From Article I,
Section 8
[The Congress shall have
Power] To regulate Commerce
with foreign Nations, and
among the several States...
The Marshall Court:
Using Marbury v. Madison,
McCulloch v. Maryland, and
Gibbons v. Ogden as guides,
determine whether Chief Justice
John Marshall would “Like” or
“Dislike” the following items.
NOTE: This exercise is based on the Facebook news feed.
At no point does the author assert that the format is
original. NOT INTENDED FOR COMMERCIAL USE
The Congress shall have
Power…To make all Laws which shall be necessary and
proper for carrying into Execution the foregoing
Powers, and all other Powers vested by this
Constitution in the Government of the United States,
or in any Department or Officer thereof. (Art I, Sec
8.18)
1787 · Comment · Like
likes this.
Thomas Jefferson Resolved, That the several
States composing, the United States of America… by a
compact under the style and title of a Constitution for the
United States… constituted a general government for
special purposes — delegated to that government certain
definite powers, reserving, each State to itself, the
residuary mass of right to their own self-government…
1798 · Comment · Like
dislikes this.
Every power vested in
a Government is in its nature sovereign… which are
not precluded by restrictions and exceptions specified
in the constitution, or not immoral, or not contrary to
the essential ends of political society.
23 Feb 1791 · Comment · Like
likes this.
http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/a1_8_18s11.html
James Madison The powers delegated
by the proposed Constitution to the
federal government are few and defined.
Those which are to remain in the State
governments are numerous and indefinite.
1788 · Comment · Like
dislikes this.
http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers/No._45
Alexander Hamilton A National Bank is an
Institution of primary importance to the
prosperous administration of the Finances, and
would be of the greatest utility in the operations
connected with the support of the Public Credit....
1790 · Comment · Like
likes this.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Report_on_Public_Credit
The Embargo and the War of 1812
USHC 2.2
Summarize the impact of the westward
movement on nationalism and democracy… as
the result of major land acquisitions such as the
Louisiana Purchase…
The Embargo and
the War of 1812
1800 1804 1808
1812 1816 1820
1803-1815
FRANCE BRITAIN
and allies
and allies
LAND
POWER
NAVAL
POWER
Continental
System
Naval
Blockade
of Europe
Map Credit: http://www.normancrossgallery.com/history/index.html
Early 19th Century
MANUFACTURING
AGRICULTURE
MANUFACTURING
AGRICULTURE
Art Credit: http://abikstickfigures.blogspot.com/2009/10/british-need-to-get-out-of-our-business.html
1807
TRADE
OBJECTIVES:
Economic Coercion
Avoid War
(Get Britain to stop impressing
American sailors without going to
war)
RESULT: FAILURE
NEW
ENGLAND
1800 1804 1808
1812 1816 1820
HENRY CLAY (KY)
JOHN C. CALHOUN (SC)
1811
Tecumseh
William Henry
Harrison
Harrison’s army defeats an
Indian force associated
with Tecumseh.
Americans blamed the British for arming
Tecumseh and encouraging him to start
an uprising against the United States.
1812
PROVOCATIONS
1. Impressment of Sailors
2. Cutting off Trade
3. Interference with Native
Americans on the
western frontier
JAMES MADISON
FOURTH PRESIDENT OF THE U.S.
Where was the War of 1812
supported by public opinion?
Where was it not supported?
1800 1804 1808
1812 1816 1820
1813 – Unsuccessful
invasion of Canada
1814 – British send
an army to
Washington
Map Credit:
http://www.royalscotsgrenadiers.com/sitebuildercontent/sitebuilderpictures/.pond/1812map.jpg.w560h674.jpg
August 24, 1814
(1814)
1814-15
3 THINGS HAPPENING AT ONCE:
Hartford
Convention
Treaty of
Ghent
Battle of
New Orleans
Dec. 1814 –
Jan. 1815
HARTFORD, CT
Delegates from several
New England states met
in Hartford to propose
amendments to the
Constitution.
December 24, 1814
Status quo ante bellum
The Treaty of Ghent
restored things to
the way they were
before the war began.
January 8, 1815
After Treaty of Ghent
DECISIVE AMERICAN VICTORY
British
Killed
Wounded
Missing
TOTAL
GEN. ANDREW JACKSON
U.S.
291
13
1,267
39
484
19
2,042
71
Although the Battle of New Orleans took place after the Treaty of Ghent was
signed, the Battle of New Orleans was important because the decisive victory
gave Americans a sense of national pride.
January 8, 1815
CONSEQUENCES
GEN. ANDREW JACKSON
1. Surge of national pride
AME CA!
2. Andrew Jackson:
National Hero
Although the Battle of New Orleans took place after the Treaty of Ghent was
signed, the Battle of New Orleans was important because the decisive victory
gave Americans a sense of national pride.
NOTE:
This is the last election in which
the Federalist Party participated
in a national election.
1800 1804 1808
1812 1816 1820