Chemical & Physical
Properties of Matter
Chemical Properties
• Characteristics that are
observed ONLY when a
substance changes into a
different substance
Chemical Properties
• Types of Chemical Properties:
• Combustible/flammable:
• able to burn
• Examples & Facts:
• all chemicals come with a
label that identifies their level
of flammability
Chemical Properties
• Types of Chemical Properties:
• Combustible/flammable:
• able to burn
• Combustion of Mg
− 1:30 Combustion of Mg
• Examples & Facts:
• oxygen & hydrogen are very
flammable gases
• carbon dioxide is not a very
flammable gas
Hay Bale combusting
• Spontaneous Combustion
• Stop at 35 seconds
Chemical Properties
• Types of Chemical Properties:
• Reactivity:
• how easily a substance reacts
with another substance
• Alkali Metals
− 1:10 min Alkali metals reaction to water
• Examples & Facts:
• many chemicals react with
water or oxygen
• all chemicals come with a
label that identifies their level
of reactivity
Chemical Properties
• Types of Chemical Properties:
• Reactivity:
• how easily a substance
reacts with another
substance
• Examples & Facts:
• corrosion: slow reaction
& wearing away of metals
(rusting, tarnishing)
Examples of Chemical
Changes
Physical Properties
• Characteristics that can be
observed without changing the
substance into something else
Physical Properties
• Types of Physical Properties:
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color
texture
odor
taste
hardness
magnetic
boiling, melting, & freezing points
Physical Properties
• Types of Physical Properties:
• Luster:
• shininess or dullness
• Examples & Facts:
• most metals are shiny
• diamonds have a lot of
luster
• many minerals are dull
Physical Properties
• Types of Physical Properties:
• Brittleness:
• how easily a substance breaks into
pieces
• Examples & Facts:
• very brittle substances
may crumble or break
with very little force
Physical Properties
• Types of Physical Properties:
• Brittleness:
• how easily a substance breaks into
pieces
• Examples & Facts:
• many rocks & minerals
are brittle
• chalk is brittle because
it crumbles easily
Physical Properties
• Types of Physical Properties:
• Malleable:
• can be pounded into shapes
• Examples & Facts:
• aluminum is very malleable
• clay is also malleable
• substances that are malleable
are usually not very brittle
Properties Song
• Properties Song!
Physical Properties
• Types of Physical Properties:
• Ductile:
• can be pulled out into a long wire
• Examples & Facts:
• substances may be both malleable
& ductile
• copper is very malleable &
ductile
• substances that are ductile
are usually not very brittle
Physical Properties
• Types of Physical Properties:
• Conductive:
• can transmit heat and/or electricity
• Examples & Facts:
• a substance may conduct heat,
electricity, neither, or both
• most metals are good
conductors
Physical Properties
• Types of Physical Properties:
• Conductive:
• can transmit heat and/or
electricity
• Examples & Facts:
• pots & pans are made out of metals
that are good heat conductors
Physical Properties
• Types of Physical Properties:
• Soluble:
• can be dissolved in a liquid
• Examples & Facts:
• substances that are “watersoluble” will dissolve in water
• salt & sugar are soluble in
water
• substances that don’t dissolve
are “insoluble”
Overview of Physical &
Chemical properties
• Properties overview
• Physical and Chemical Properties
visual 2:30 min
• Chemical Properties
• Chemistry - The Physical Properties
and Chemical Properties of Matter
− 6 min