Needed this week
Balloons
One
and two liter bottles
Cotton gloves (to handle and protect
from dry ice?)
Chapter 13, States of Matter
Four states of matter you
need to know:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Plasma
Determining the states of
matter
The
amount of kinetic
energy a substance
contains determines its
physical state (solid, gas,
liquid). The more energy it
has, the “looser” it is bound
States of Matter
Adding Kinetic Energy
Notice
Did
you notice that
the Kinetic energy
was added in the
form of heat?
Solids
Solids
stick together and
stay in the same position
next to each other (Like
a class in which all
students are seated)
Liquids
In
a liquid, the
particles touch each
other but can move
freely, like students in a
crowded hallway.
Gases
In
a gas, the molecules are
not in regular contact with
each other and bounce off
when they hit one another
(picture sixth graders in
gym)
Gas Pressure
Gas
pressure is the results of
trillions of molecules
banging against each
other. The pressure is
exerted in all directions at
once. This is how a balloon
or a tire stays inflated.
Gas Pressure
Atmospheric pressure
Atmospheric
pressure is the pull
of gravity on all the gas above
us in the atmosphere.
A Barometer measures this
pressure
At sea level, atmospheric
pressure is 760 mm of mercury,
on Mt. Everest, it is 253 mm of
mercury
Barometer
Measuring pressure
Atmospheres
(atm)
mm of Mercury (mm Hg)
Pascals (Pa)
Kilopascals (because
pascals are tiny) (kPa)
Note =
Dumb ole’ TV and radio
meteorologists use inches of
mercury rather than mm or
kPa!!! One inch is 25.4 mm
760 mm = 29.92 inches
Converting
1atm
equals
760 mm Hg equals
101.3 kPa
1atm = 760 mm Hg = 101.3 kPa
Swapping units
450
kPa X 760 mm Hg = 3400 mm Hg
101.3 kPa
Note that 760 mm Hg and 101.3 kPa
are the same pressure, so you multiply
by one to convert
Standards
STP
= Standard Temperature
and Pressure
273 K (0° Celsius)
standard pressure is 1 atm
At STP, one mole of gas
occupies 22.4 L
Temperature and Kinetic
Energy
Temperature
is the
Average Kinetic
Energy in a substance
Should you need more and
better explanations:
http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/st
ates-of-matter (needs java)(animation)
http://www.chemtutor.com/sta.htm (text)
http://www.footprintsscience.co.uk/states.htm (animation and
text)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V9W
YweBA6vA (music Video)
More links
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cBB
mdqti_Kg (student project video)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vDZh
Ukp30tE (teacher done music video)
Conclusions
Answers
questions 3-5 on page 389. Click
the sounds icon for my answers
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