Ben Hwang
October 7, 2014
Class of Tuesday October 7, 2014 12U Bio
Agenda:
Homework:
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Read/make notes on section 3.2/3.4
Enzyme Model: Due October 20, 2014
Glycolysis:
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Occurs in 2 phases; phase
1/phase 2
Phase 1 is the energy
investment phase where it
is the catabolism of glucose
In – 1 Molecule of glucose
and 2 molecules of ATP
Out – 2 Molecules of PGAL
and 2 molecules of ADP
(Phase 1 is the same in
both aerobic/anaerobic
respiration)
Phase 2 is the energy payoff
phase where it is the
catabolism of PGAL
Inorganic phosphate
(Phosphate NOT from ATP)
(Pi) is added to each PGAL
and NAD+ acts as an
oxidizing agent
In – 2 PGAL, 2 NAD+, 2 Pi,
and 4ADP molecules
Out – 2 Pyruvic acid, 2 NADH, 4 ATP, and 2 H20
Every molecule of glucose phase 2 occurs 2X’s per glucose molecule
X’s 2
Redox Reactions in Biological Systems
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Oxidation/reduction occurs at moderate temperatures, presence of enzymes and at
small steps to minimize energy loss
(Make sure to become familiar with names and number of carbons that are present)
Electron Carriers (Biological oxidizing agents)
1.) NAD+
NAD+ + H2
 NADH + H+
(Oxidized form)
(Reduced form)
Reduced version carries 2 electrons from enzyme to enzyme but releases a proton
2.) FAD
FAD + H2
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FADH2
(Oxidized form)
(Reduced form)
Carries 2 electrons from enzyme to enzyme in reduced form and carries 2 protons as it
does not release any
Helpful Links:
http://programs.northlandcollege.edu/biology/Biology1111/animations/glycolysis.html
(Animation of Glycolysis)
http://www.wiley.com/college/pratt/0471393878/student/review/redox/index.html