Life Energy
Processes
Photosynthesis
Respiration
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2
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Light Reaction
Dark Reaction (Calvin Cycle)
3
Photosynthesis
Process
in which a plant
makes food from water
and carbon dioxide and
energy from the sun
producing glucose and
oxygen
4
conversion
of unusable
sunlight energy into usable
chemical energy, is
associated with the green
pigment chlorophyll.
the process by which plants
use the energy from sunlight
to produce sugar
5
process uses water
and releases the
oxygen
6
Site of Photosynthesis
7
Chloroplast
is an
organelle
that contain
chlorophyll
and other
pigments
(carotenoid)
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Parts of Chloroplast
THYLAKOID – disk – shape
(like pancake) structures
that contain
photosynthetic pigments
(chlorophyll)
2. GRANA – a group / stack
of thylakoid
1.
10
STROMA- gel – like
matrix surrounding the
thylakoid
4. PHOTOSYSTEMS- energy
collecting units of the
chloroplast (reaction
center)
3.
Photons –
are packets
of energy and the
smallest visible
unit of light
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Two Stages of Photosynthesis
Light Reaction (Light Dependent Reaction)
Dark Reaction (Light Independent Reaction)
6CO2 + 12H2O
LIGHT
C6H12O6 + 6O2 +6H2O
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Light Reaction
Light Dependent
Reaction
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LIGHT REACTION
 Converts
light energy
to ATP (Adenosine
Triphosphate)
 Occurs
in the
thylakoid
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Step 1
Light is
absorbed by
PHOTOSYSTE
M II is used to
split water
releasing O2,
H ions and
energized
electrons
16
Step 2
Hydrogen
ions pass
through
ATP
synthase
to convert
ADP to
ATP.
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Step 3
Electrons released by Photosystem
II are energized by Photosystem I.
Electrons are picked up by NADP+
to form a high –energy NADPH
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Step 4
ATP and
NADPH are
used in the
dark
reaction as
source of
energy
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NAPD+
Photosystem II
Photosystem I
Splits water
Oxygen
Hydrogen + NAPD+
ADP + P
ATP
NAPDH
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Dark Reaction
Calvin Cycle
Carbon Fixing Cycle
Light Independent Reaction
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Carbon Fixing Reaction
 Use
the products of light
reaction (ATP and
NADPH) to convert
carbon dioxide to sugar
(glucose)
 Occurs in the stroma
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Step 1
3 molecules
of CO2
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Step 2
3 molecules
of Rubisco
(RuBP) use to
combine
with 3
molecules of
CO2 to
produce 6C
unstable
3PGA
P
P
P
P
P
P
+
3 molecules of
5C RUBP
3 molecules of
CO2
P
P
P
P
P
P
6C 3PGA
unstable
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Step 3
6
molecules
of PGA
combined
with 6
molecules
of ATP that
results to 6
molecules
of PGAL
and 6 ADP
P
P
P
P
P
P
+
6 3C PGA
P P P
A
P P P
A
P P P
A
P P P
A
P P P
A
P P P
A
6 ATP
P
P
P
P
P P
A
P P
A
P
P
P
P
P P
A
P P
A
P
P
P
P
P P
A
P P
A
6 PGAL
6 ADP
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Step 4
6 molecules
of PGAL
binds with 6
molecules
of NADPH
that results
to 6
molecules
Highly
energized
PGAL
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
P
NADPH NADPH
+
NADPH NADPH
NADPH NADPH
6 PGAL
6 NADPH
P
P
P
P
P
P
6 PGAL
Highly Energized
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Step 5
P
P
The 6 highly
energized
PGAL splits
into 5
molecules
of PGAL
and 1
molecule of
PGAL
P
P
P
P
6 PGAL
Highly Energized
P
P
P
P
P
5 PGAL
P
1 PGAL
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Step 7
The 6 highly
energized
PGAL splits
into 5
molecules
of PGAL
and 1
molecule of
PGAL
P
P
P
P
P
P P P
+
P P P
P P P
A
P
A
A
1 PGAL
3 ATP
5 PGAL
P
P
P
P
P
P
3 molecules of
5C RUBP
Glucose
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Site
Light Reaction
Dark Reaction
Thylakoid
Stroma
Raw
Materials
Water
ADP, NADP, P
Products
Oxygen
ATP, NADPH
Carbon
Dioxide,
RuDP
NADPH, ATP
Glucose
ADP, NADP
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Respiration
Calvin Cycle
Carbon Fixing Cycle
Light Independent Reaction
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Cellular Respiration
Overview
Transformation of chemical
energy in food into chemical
energy cells can use: ATP
Overall Reaction:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 →
6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
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Photosynthesis and
Respiration
Photosynthesis:
Water + Carbon Dioxide 
Glucose + Oxygen
Respiration:
Glucose + Oxygen 
Water + Carbon Dioxide
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Two Pathways
Anaerobic Respiration
Aerobic Respiration
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Aerobic Cellular
Respiration
Oxygen is required
1.
2.
3.
Glycolysis
Kreb’s Cycle
Electron Transport Chain
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Both aerobic and anaerobic
respiration begins with
GLYCOLYSIS
GLYCOLYSIS
conversion of glucose to
pyruvate
releases energy in the form of
ATP
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Kreb’s Cycle

Also called as CITRIC ACID
CYCLE

Completes the breakdown of
glucose and forms a 6
Carbon compound called
citric acid
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Electron Transport Chain



The movement of electrons from NADH
and FADH in chain-like a series of steps
(staircase).
As electrons drop down stairs, energy
released to form a total of 32 ATP
Oxygen waits at bottom of staircase,
picks up electrons and protons and in
doing so becomes water
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Anaerobic Cellular
Respiration
No
oxygen used=
‘an’aerobic
Fermentation is the
anaerobic conversion of
sugar to carbon dioxide and
alcohol by yeast
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Fermentation
the anaerobic
conversion of pyruvate
to carbon dioxide and
alcohol
Fermentation
Anaerobic Respiration
Process
that
releases some
energy from
glucose when
no oxygen is
present
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Alcohol Fermentation
the anaerobic
conversion of pyruvate
to Ethanol
Alcohol Fermentation
Plants, yeast and few microbes
Lactic Acid
Fermentation
the anaerobic
conversion of pyruvate
to lactic acid
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Lactic Acid
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Photosynthesis – Cellular Respiration
comparison
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Function
Energy capture
Energy release
Location
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Reactants CO2 and H2O
C6H12O6 and O2
Products
C6H12O6 and O2
CO2 and H2O
Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O light>
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6O2 + C6H12O6 
6CO2 +6H2O + energy
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Photosynthesis
Respiration
Raw
Materials
Water and Carbon Oxygen and
Dioxide
Sugar
Products
Oxygen and Sugar Water and
Carbon Dioxide
Where
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Energy
Stored
Released