Chapter 7,8,21 and 22 study guide
Chapter 7
Know the definition (function) of the following terms:
Chlorophyll, accessory pigments, carotenoids, UV light,
photons, absorption spectrum, phycobilins, visible light,
pigment, biofuels, fossil fuels, prism,
Know the full name and description of the following
abbreviations:
RuBP
PGAL
PGA
C3 plants
C4 plants
CAM Plants
Indicate the pathway in which each of the following
occurs
a. Cyclic
b. noncyclic
Uses water as a reactant
c. both
Includes photosystem I (p700)
Includes photosystem II (p680)
ATP produced
NADPH produced
Does not consume war nor produced NADPH and
oxygen
Causes hydrogen to be shunted into the thylakoid
compartments from the stroma
Produces oxygen as a product
Produces hydrogen by breaking apart water
Uses ADP and P as reactants
Chapter 8
Arrange the steps of glycolysis in the correct order.
1. The first 2 ATP form by substrate-level
phosphorylation; the cell’s energy debt is paid off
2. Dephosphorylated glucose molecules split to form
two PGAL; this is the first energy-releasing step
3. Two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules form as the end
products of glycolysis
4. Glucose is present in the cytoplasm
5. Two more ATP form by substrate-level
phosphorylation, the cell gains ATP; net yield of ATP
from glycolysis is two ATP.
6. The cell invests two ATP; one phosphate group is
attached to each end of the glucose molecule.
7. Two PGAL gain two phosphate groups from the
cytoplasm.
8. Hydrogen atoms and electrons from each PGAL are
transferred to NAD+, reducing this carrier to NADH
For the following questions refer to figure 8.12,
choose from the following:
a. Glucose b. glucose 6-phosphate c. glycogen
d. fatty acids
e. triglycerides f. PGAL
g. acetyl-CoA h. amino acids i. glycerol
j.protein
1. Fats that are broken down between meals or during
exercise as alternatives to glucose.
2. Used between meals when free glucose supply
dwindles, enters glycolysis after conversion.
3. Its breakdown yields much more ATP that does
glucose breakdown.
4. Absorbed in large amounts immediately following a
meal.
5. Represents only 1 percent or so of the total sotred
energy in the body.
6. Following removal of amino groups; the carbon
backbones may be converted to fat or carbohydrates
or they may enter the Kreb’s cycle.
7. On the average, represents 78 percents of the
body’s stored food.
8. Between meals liver cells can convert it back to free
glucose and release it.
9. Amino groups undergo conversions that produce
urea; a nitrogen-containing waste product excreted in
urine.
10. Converted in the liver to PGAL; a key intermediate
of glycolysis.
11. Accumulate inside the fat cells of adipose tissues,
at strategic points under the skin.
12. A storage polysaccharide produced from glucose6-phosphate following food intake that exceeds
cellular energy demand (and increases ATP production
to inhibit glycolysis).
13. Building blocks of the compounds that represent
21 percent of the body’s stored food.
14. A product resulting from enzymes cleaving
circulating fatty acids; enters the Kreb’s cycle.
Chapter 21
Know the definitions (function) of the following:
1. Adenovirus
2. Bacteriophage
3. HIV
4. Retrovirus
5. Viroid
6. Herpes Virus
Short Answer:
List the 3 hypothesis about viral origins
List the steps of viral replication
Explain the difference between lytic and lysogenic
cycle of viral reproduction
Describe the principal features of a virus.
For the following statements, choose the most
appropriate category from the list below.
a. Archaen b. Methanogens c. Extreme halophiles
d. Extreme thermophiles
1. Live in the guts of termites, cattle and other
animals.
2. Lives in extremely salty environments.
3. Can act as chemoautotrophs that metabolize
sulfur.
4. Strictly anaerobic, free oxygen will kill them.
5. Most recent domain that is recognized by the
scientific community.
6.
Contains a
bacteriorhodopsim.
purple
pigment
called
7. Release carbon-containing gas that is impacting
the global carbon cycle.
8. Live beside hydrothermal vents.
9. Can use aerobic reactions and photosynthesis to
produce ATP.
10. Among the smallest known cells.
11. Group of cells that are the most closely related
to eukaryotes.
Know the definition (function) to the following terms
with the health concerns.
1. AIDS
2. Tuberculosis
3. Malaria
4. Epidemic
5. Endemic
6. Pandemic
7. Emerging disease
8. Ebola
9. SARS
Chapter 22
Choose whether the following are prokaryotes,
eukaryotes or both.
1. Multicellular
2. Circular DNA
3. Can be photoautotrophs
4. Can develop into a cyst
5. Contain a nucleoid region
6. Can reproduce sexually and asexually
Know the characteristics of the following:
1. Kinetoplastids
2. Pellicle
3. Trypanosomes
4. Euglenoids
5. Contractile vacuole
6. Foraminiferans
7. Radiolarians
8. Alveolates
9. Ciliates
10. Dinoflagellates
11. Apicomplexans
12. Stramenopiles
13. Water molds
14. Diatoms
15. Brown algae
For the following statements, choose the most
appropriate category from the list below.
a. Green algae b. red algae
c. amoeboid cells.
1. Chlamydomonas
2. Carrageenan extraction
3. Use pseudopodia for movement
4. Mutualistic relationship with fungi to form a lichen
5. Chorella
6. Dictyostelium discoideum
7. Agar is extracted from the cell walls.
8. Porphyra
9. Cladophora
10. Contains phycobilins
11. Uses cyclic AMP for cell signaling
12. Volvox
13. Ancestor of land plants
14. Survive at deeper depths that most other algae.