PATCHARA
WUTHICHAT
5210755749
SITTHIPONG KHUNTHONG
5310755433
BASIC INFORMATION
Name: Gold
Symbol: Au
Atomic Number: 79
Atomic Mass: 196.96655 amu
Melting Point: 1064.43°C(1337.5801 K, 1947.9741 °F)
Boiling Point: 2807.0 °C (3080.15 K, 5084.6 °F)
Number of Protons/Electrons: 79
Number of Neutrons: 118
Classification: Transition Metal
Crystal Structure: Cubic
Density @ 293 K: 19.32 g/cm3
Color: Gold
ATOMIC STRUCTURE
Number of Energy Levels: 6
-First Energy Level: 2
-Second Energy Level: 8
-Third Energy Level: 18
-Fourth Energy Level: 32
-Fifth Energy Level: 18
-Sixth Energy Level: 1
GALLERY OF SPECIMENS OF CRYSTALLINE
NATIVE GOLD
Gold native nuggets
Rope gold
Crystalline Gold
Gold leaf
GOLD IS A CHEMICAL ELEMENT WITH THE
SYMBOL AU (FROM LATIN: AURUM "GOLD") AND
AN ATOMIC NUMBER OF 79. GOLD IS A DENSE, SOFT,
SHINY METAL AND THE MOST MALLEABLE AND DUCTILE
METAL KNOWN. PURE GOLD HAS A BRIGHT YELLOW
COLOR AND LUSTER TRADITIONALLY CONSIDERED
ATTRACTIVE, WHICH IT MAINTAINS WITHOUT OXIDIZING
IN AIR OR WATER. CHEMICALLY, GOLD IS A TRANSITION
METAL AND A GROUP 11 ELEMENT. WITH EXCEPTION OF
THE NOBLE GASES, GOLD IS THE LEAST REACTIVE
CHEMICAL ELEMENT KNOWN. IT HAS BEEN A VALUABLE
AND HIGHLY SOUGHT-AFTER PRECIOUS
METAL FOR COINAGE, JEWELRY, AND OTHER ARTS
SINCE LONG BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF RECORDED
HISTORY.
USE APPLICATIONS AND
ADVANTAGE
1 Monetary exchange
2 Investment
3 Medicine
4 Jewelry
5 Food and drink
6 Industry
7 Electronics
8 Commercial chemistry
MONETARY EXCHANGE
GOLD HAS BEEN WIDELY USED
THROUGHOUT THE WORLD AS A VEHICLE
FOR MONETARY EXCHANGE, EITHER BY
ISSUANCE AND RECOGNITION OF GOLD
COINSOR OTHER BARE METAL QUANTITIES,
OR THROUGH GOLD-CONVERTIBLE PAPER
INSTRUMENTS BY ESTABLISHING GOLD
STANDARDS IN WHICH THE TOTAL VALUE OF
ISSUED MONEY IS REPRESENTED IN A
STORE OF GOLD RESERVES.
INVESTMENT
GOLD AS AN INVESTMENT MANY HOLDERS
OF GOLD STORE IT IN FORM OF BULLION COINS
OR BARS AS A HEDGE AGAINST INFLATION OR
OTHER ECONOMIC DISRUPTIONS.
HOWEVER, SOME ECONOMISTS DO NOT
BELIEVE GOLD SERVES AS A HEDGE AGAINST
INFLATION OR CURRENCY DEPRECIATION.
MEDICINE
IN MEDIEVAL TIMES, GOLD WAS OFTEN
SEEN AS BENEFICIAL FOR THE HEALTH, IN
THE BELIEF THAT SOMETHING THAT RARE
AND BEAUTIFUL COULD NOT BE ANYTHING
BUT HEALTHY.
EVEN SOME
MODERN ESOTERICISTS AND FORMS
OF ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE ASSIGN METALLIC
GOLD A HEALING POWER.
JEWELRY
MOCHE GOLD NECKLACE DEPICTING FELINE
HEADS. LARCOMUSEUM COLLECTION. LIMA-PERU
BECAUSE OF THE SOFTNESS OF PURE (24K) GOLD, IT IS
USUALLY ALLOYED WITH BASE METALS FOR USE IN
JEWELRY, ALTERING ITS HARDNESS AND DUCTILITY,
MELTING POINT, COLOR AND OTHER PROPERTIES.
FOOD AND DRINK
GOLD LEAF, FLAKE OR DUST IS USED ON
AND IN SOME GOURMET FOODS, NOTABLY
SWEETS AND DRINKS AS DECORATIVE
INGREDIENT. GOLD FLAKE WAS USED BY THE
NOBILITY IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE AS A
DECORATION IN FOOD AND DRINKS, IN THE
FORM OF LEAF, FLAKES OR DUST, EITHER TO
DEMONSTRATE THE HOST'S WEALTH OR IN
THE BELIEF THAT SOMETHING THAT VALUABLE
AND RARE MUST BE BENEFICIAL FOR ONE'S
HEALTH
ELECTRONICS
THE CONCENTRATION OF FREE ELECTRONS IN
GOLD METAL IS 5.90×1022 CM−3. GOLD IS
HIGHLY CONDUCTIVE TO ELECTRICITY, AND HAS BEEN
USED FOR ELECTRICAL WIRING IN SOME HIGH-ENERGY
APPLICATIONS (ONLY SILVER AND COPPER ARE MORE
CONDUCTIVE PER VOLUME, BUT GOLD HAS THE
ADVANTAGE OF CORROSION RESISTANCE).
FOR EXAMPLE, GOLD ELECTRICAL WIRES WERE
USED DURING SOME OF THE MANHATTAN PROJECT'S
ATOMIC EXPERIMENTS, BUT LARGE HIGH CURRENT
SILVER WIRES WERE USED IN THE CALUTRON ISOTOPE
SEPARATOR MAGNETS IN THE PROJECT.
COMMERCIAL CHEMISTRY
GOLD IS ATTACKED BY AND DISSOLVES
IN ALKALINE SOLUTIONS OF POTASSIUM OR
SODIUM CYANIDE, TO FORM THE SALT GOLD
CYANIDE—A TECHNIQUE THAT HAS BEEN
USED IN EXTRACTING METALLIC GOLD FROM
ORES IN THE CYANIDE PROCESS.
GOLD CYANIDE IS
THE ELECTROLYTE USED IN
COMMERCIAL ELECTROPLATING OF GOLD
ONTO BASE METALS AND ELECTROFORMING.
REFERENCES
1.^ a b World Gold Council FAQ
2.^ Soos, Andy (2011-01-06). "Gold Mining Boom Increasing
Mercury Pollution Risk". Advanced Media Solutions, Inc.
(Oilprice.com). Retrieved 2011-03-26.
3.^ "Gold: causes of color". Retrieved 2009-06-06.
4.^ Mallan, Lloyd (1971). Suiting up for space: the evolution
of the space suit. John Day Co. p. 216. ISBN 978-0381981501.
5.^ a b "Gold Jewellery Alloys > Utilise Gold. Scientific,
industrial and medical applications, products, suppliers from the
World Gold Council". Utilisegold.com. 2000-01-20. Retrieved 200904-05.