Motivation Theories
Presentation: Classical
and Operant
Conditioning
B.F. Skinner
o Born on March 20, 1904
o
Behaviorist
o Psychologist
Behabiroal learning Solutions LLC. (n.d.). Behavioral
Learning Solutions. [Picture of B. F. Skinner]. Retrieved
from http://blsolutionsaba.org/aba
Skinner’s Operant Conditioning
o Operant Conditioning- Behavior is determined by rewards and
punishments.
o
Behavior Developing
o
Authored:
 Walden II (1948)
 The Behavior of Organisms (1938)
 Beyond Freedom & Dignity (1971)
Operant Conditioning
 Rewards
 Instrumental habituation
 Punishments
 Skinnerian Conditioning
 Conduct
 External remarks
 Outcome
 Environmental influences
 Support
 Learned Behaviors
 Positive Reinforcement
Operant Conditioning and Behaviors
 Reinforcer
COMPONENTS OF
 Punishment
OPERANT CONDITIONING
 Optimistic Reinforcer
 Negative Punishment
 increases Behavior
 Negative Reinforcers
 Reduces Behavior
Ivan Pavlov
 Born on September 14,1849
 In1879, he was awarded a gold
metal
Pavlov’s Classical Conditioning
 Findings in experimental medicine
 Habituated reflexes
 Classical conditioning
Classical Conditioning
 Unconditioned stimulus
 Unconditioned response
 Conditioned stimulus
 Conditioned response
Classical Conditioning
 Ivan Pavlov
 Pavlov’s dog
 John B. Watson
 Little Albert
Operant Conditioning-Various Behaviors
 Possible Consequences:

A good thing can be presented or started

A good thing can be ended or taken away

A bad thing can be presented or started

A bad thing can be ended or taken away
 Human Behaviors- Consequences can go after at a later time.
 Animal Behaviors- Consequences have to be followed right away
 Technical Terms

Positive
• Negative
• Reinforcer
Classical Conditioning-Various Behaviors
 Involuntary Responses- Produces or reduces adrenaline
 Decreasing behavior
• Extinguishing
• Counter-conditioning
• Eradicate response to the stimuli
• Substituting the response
• Fatigue
 Increasing Behavior
• Frequent practice and positive reinforcement
• Stronger reinforcement