Who’s got
PERSONALITY?
 Name the different theories of
personality.
1. Psychoanalysis
2. Trait Theory
3. Humanistic Theory
4. Social-Cognitive
5. Behaviorism/
 Which theory is most focused on our
unconscious desires and motives,
childhood sexuality, and traumatic
experiences?
 Psychoanalysis
 Name 4 theorists most closely associated
with psychoanalysis.
 Sigmund Freud
 Alfred Adler (inferiority complex)
 Karen Horney (women, no penis envy)
 Carl Jung…
 Who argued that there is a
store/reservoir of shared human
experiences? What is this called?
 Carl Jung
 Collective Unconscious
 Name the psychosexual stages.
 Oral
 Anal
 Phallic
 Latency
 Genital
 Any conflicts that are unresolved during
one of these psychosexual stages can
lock in their “pleasure seeking energies”
at that stage. This is called…
 fixation
 If you become fixated at the oral stage, what
behaviors might you exhibit as an adult?
 Overeating, smoking, biting nails…anything to do
with your mouth
 If you become fixated at the anal stage, what
behaviors might you exhibit as an adult?
 Super neat (anal retentive), super messy (anal
expulsive)
 If you become fixated at the latency stage,
what behaviors might you exhibit as an adult?
 Poor social skills
 Freud would argue that a person
who is dominated by their basic
needs and need instant gratification
(now…I want it now!) are dominated
by what part of their personality?
 Id
 This part of your personality works in
reality
 Ego
 You feel very guilty after cheating on
your AP English test so you confess to
your teacher. What part of your
personality helped you do this?
 Superego
 If you had a weak superego, you wouldn’t
feel guilty
 During what psychosexual stage are boys
in love with their mothers? What is this
called?
 Phallic
 Oedipus Complex
 Tactics our ego uses to reduce anxiety by
distorting reality are called…
 Defense mechanisms
 Your boyfriend broke up with you and you
scream at your best friend even though
she did nothing wrong. What defense
mechanism?
 Displacement
 Your dad leaves your family for another
woman. You begin to sleep with a night
light. What defense mechanism?
 Regression
 You steal $20 from your sister’s drawer.
You totally deserve it more than she does
because you do more chores around the
house. What defense mechanism?
 Rationalization
 You tell everyone how disrespectful your
brother is even thought it’s you who
cusses out your brother at least once a
week. What defense mechanism?
 Projection
 You are overly nice to the girl who spread
rumors about you and you really despise
her. What defense mechanism?
 Reaction formation
 Children who witness their parent’s
murder often remember it. This
contradicts what defense mechanism?
 Repression
 Name 3 ways that psychoanalysts try to
tap into the unconscious.
 Free association
 Hypnosis
 Dream analysis
 Projective tests
 Name 2 types of projective tests
(presented vague stimuli & say what you
think it represents)
 Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)
 Rorschach Inkblot Test
 What perspective argues that the more
you are loved, accepted, and your needs
are met, the more successful & developed
person you’ll likely be?
 Humanistic
 What 2 theorists are most closely
associated with the Humanist
Perspective?
 Carl Rogers
 Abraham Maslow
 Maslow said our main goal, after all of our
physiological, psychological, and self
esteem needs are met, is to achieve our
fullest potential called…
 Self-actualization
 Your thoughts & feelings about who you
are is known as…
 Self-concept
 Try to have a positive one…you’ll see the
world in a more positive light
 Total acceptance toward another person
that allows him/her to achieve the best,
take risks, accept who we are is called…
 Unconditional positive regard
 According to Carl Rogers, what 3 things do
all individuals need in order to grow into
healthy adults?
 Genuine (open w/ your feelings, true to who
you are)
 Acceptance (unconditional positive regard)
 Empathy
 What theory of personality argues that
most people describe themselves by their
main characteristics?
 Trait Theory
 What theorist is most closely associated
with trait theory?
 Gordon Allport
 Cardinal traits (dominate)
 Central traits (main characteristics)
 Secondary traits (situational)
 Questionnaires designed to gauge your
feelings & behaviors and assess your
personality traits is called…
 Personality inventory
 What is the most widely administered
personality inventory?
 MMPI
 Also, Myers-Briggs is really popular
(based on Carl Jung)
 Name the Big Five Personality Factors.
 Conscientiousness
 Agreeableness
 Neuroticism
 Openness
 Extraversion
 Know what each includes!
 Who proposed the Social-Cognitive
Perspective of Personality?
 Albert Bandura
 The Social-Cognitive Perspective focuses
on the interaction between what 3
things?
 Traits
 Thinking (hmm…cognitive)
 Environment (hello…social)
 You think that it’s only luck that
determines if you are going to get an A
on the test today. You don’t have any
control over what questions I’m going to
ask, what the FRQ is going to be on so
why study? This is the idea that chance
determines your fate also called…
 External locus of control
 You think that you are in control of your
own successes, failures, and your fate.
This is an example of…
 Internal locus of control
 I can’t believe I wore 2 mismatching
earrings today! Everyone is going to be
staring at me!
 Spotlight Effect
 You fully take credit when you are
successful but blame others when you
fail.
 Self-serving bias
 In what type of society is the group more
important that you as an individual?
 Collectivist