Overview
10 minutes
Stakeholders identification
10 minutes
Exercise/Role play
20 minutes
Methods and Tools for
Analysis stakeholders (4Rs)
20 minutes
Exercise
20 minutes
Stakeholder participation
5 minutes
Conclusion
5 minutes
Name
Affiliation
David Saah; Co-Lead
University of San Francisco, SIG
Name
Affiliation
Phan Xuan Thieu
Vinh University, Vietnam
Mohd Zaki Hamzah; Co-Lead University Putra Malaysia
Chalita Sriladda
USAID-LEAD
Khamla Phanvilay, Co-Lead
National University of Laos
Hoang Thi Thu Duyen
Vietnam Forestry University, Vietnam
Cao Thuy Anh
Dalat University, Vietnam
Ladawan Puangchit
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Chalermpol Samranpong
Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Do Anh Tuan
Vietnam Forestry University, Vietnam
Pham Thanh Nam
USAID LEAF Vietnam
Lyna Khan
Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia
Peter Stephen
USAID LEAF Bangkok
Le Ba Thuong
Vietnam Forestry University, Vietnam
Hoang Vinh Phu
Vinh University, Vietnam
Napat Jakwattana
University of Phayao, Thailand
Vipak Jintana
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Nur Anishah Binti Aziz
University Kebangsaan Malaysia
Kulala Mulung
PNG University of Technology
Ratcha Chaichana
Kasetsart University, Thailand
Sureerat Lakanavichian
Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Somvilay Chanthalounnavong National University of Laos
Thavrak Huon
Royal University of Agriculture, Cambodia Vongphet Sihapanya
National University of Laos
Athsaphangthong Munelith
USAID LEAF Laos
David Ganz
USAID LEAF Bangkok
Attachai Jintrawet
Chiang Mai University, Thailand
Chi Pham, Project Coordinator USAID LEAF Bangkok
Chanin Chiumkanokchai
USAID LEAF Bangkok
Kent Elliott
US Forest Service
Lam Ngoc Tuan
Dalat University, Vietnam
Beth Lebow
US Forest Service
Mark Fenn
USAID Vietnam Forests & Deltas
Geoffrey Blate
US Forest Service
Low Emission Land Use Planning (LELUP)
Section 1. Enabling Environment
1.2. Stakeholder Engagement
Regional Climate Change Curriculum Development
5.3. Evaluate, Report & Adapt
1.1. Regulatory Assessments
5.2. Monitor & Measure Progress
1.2. Stakeholder Engagement
1.3. Planning & Development
Goals & Objectives
5.1. Establish M&E Framework
MONITORING &
EVALUATION
4.3. Implementation Needs
NEGOTIATING
&
PRIORITIZING
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN
4.2. Priorities & Sequence
Implementation Activities
ENABLING
ENVIRONMENT
Low
Emission
Land Use
Planning
ASSESSMENT
OF CURRENT
CONDITION
ANALYSIS OF
FUTURE
OPTIONS
4.1. Negotiating
Agreement on Options
3.3. Scenario Assessment
2.1. Environment, Social, &
Economic Data Needs
2.2. Understanding Historic Land
Use Change
2.3. Data & Capacity Gap
Assessment
3.1. Modeling Future Trends
3.2. Business as Usual Baseline
Construction
At the end of this session, learners will be able to:

Associate processes that help to identify all stakeholders
that need to be involved in the planning process or
impacted (+ and 1) by the plan.

Identify vulnerable groups at risk from the
implementation of a plan and possible mitigation
strategies to avoid.

Stakeholders;

Stakeholder analysis;

Power; and

Participation.
A Stakeholder is :
“…An individual, group or institution that
has an interest in a particular forest
resource …”
(RECOFTC 2002)
“…groups/individuals that are
affected by the outcome of a
conflict, as well as those who
influence the outcome…”
(FAO 2005)
Primary Stakeholders:
“…are those most affected by and are dependent on the
resources…”
Secondary Stakeholders :
“…are those who are more indirectly or less affected or
dependant on the resources…”
(FAO 2005)
Core issue of policy
Increased
production
What are our boundaries?
resource
claims
Increased
consumption
Who are we working with?
More
Growing
competition
food
demand
Growing
population
More
What are we trying to achieve?
What are the ‘rules’ to achieve this?
Climate
change
A “stake” can be:

particular forest product

particular forest service

particular interests

Government oversight of
actions

Universities, scientists or
NGO leaders

Beneficiaries of goods and
services derived from the
implementation of the plan
National
 MARD
 MONRE
 VN Forest
Provincial
 DARD
 DONRE
 Dalat University
District/Commune
 Bao Lam SFC
 Local Communities
Provincial
District &
Commune
Why encourage stakeholder participation in a Low
Emission Land Use Plan?

To identify and define key stakeholders

To identify who needs to participate in the project

To assess how they might affect or be affected by
REDD+ interventions (positively or negatively)

To identify the multiple interests and objectives of
stakeholders in relation to the particular REDD+
project

To understand the actual resources, influence,
authority or power that stakeholders can bring to
bear on particular REDD+ initiatives

To assess the most appropriate means for them to
participate

To assess the capacity of stakeholders to participate
in the planning process

To begin to understand potential stakeholder
conflicts that could arise in REDD
Steps in SA
Steps in SA
1. Identify Issues and clarify
objective
2. Identify stakeholders
Questions & Tools
-What problem that need to address?
-The objective & intended outputs of project
Tools: problem tree and objective tree (seen in
SES)
-Who are primary, secondary, and has interest
in the issue?
-Tool: Stakeholder rings (as above)
3. Investigate characteristics of
stakeholder
-What are the interest, 4 RS (Rights,
Responsibilities, Returns, and Relationship)
-Tools: Stakeholder interests, and 4R matrix,
Venn-Diagram , and Matrix of conflict &
trade-off
4. Identify power and influence
of stakeholders
-What are the power and influence of each
stakeholder
- Tools: Graph of stakeholders importance
and influence
WHAT IS THE 4R
STAKEHOLDER ANALYSIS
MATRIX?
RIGHTS
RESPONSIBILITIES
RETURNS (OR BENEFITS)
RELATIONSHIPS
Stakeholder Interests
(an example of a case in communal forest management of FUGs in VN)
Stakeholder
group
Interests
Relative important of
interest
FUG members
Improved income & fuel wood
use
Medium
Other households Water reserve & fuel wood/ or
not in FUGs
income
Low
Vil. Mgt.
committee
Contract fees &
Local responsibility
Medium
Dist. Forest
Protection
Department
Institutional responsibility
+ fee receiving
Low
Agr. & For.
Extension
Techniques supports
Medium
Rights

Access to and use of resources (statutory and
customary)

Ownership of resources (statutory and customary)

Decision-making over resource use and management
(e.g. setting by-laws, enforcement/fines,
zoning/exclusion, licensing/income, etc.)
Responsibilities

Forest/resource management (planning, monitoring,
measurement, etc.)

Implementing decisions in rules, regulations, procedures,
etc.

Abiding by rules & regulations
Returns (or benefits)

Direct benefits arising from forest resources accessed

Direct benefits derived from employment related to the
resource/area

Indirect benefits such as those accruing to entire
community from resource management agreements
Relationships

Inter-relationships among stakeholders within the
community or outside of the community

Conflict among stakeholders
Pattern of interaction among stakeholders
● Venn diagram
Example: Venn diagram of actors involving in communal forest management at Cai
village, Hoa Binh province, Vietnam
Dis.
rangers
CPC
Social
gr.
Social
gr.
Vil. Mgt.
committee
Village
FUGs
Security
Com.
forests
Outsiders (-)

Read the Case study on a REDD+ project in Kalimantan,
Indonesia (KFCP) and watch the video at
http://vimeo.com/16239538

Break out in small groups and using the 4R Stakeholder
Analysis Matrix , fill up the template on the 4Rs(rights,
responsibilities, relationships, returns )

Make sure you consider the following questions:
Stakeholders
Stakeholder A
Stakeholder B
Stakeholder C
Rights
Responsibility
Relationship
Returns
The ability to get what one wants
This can occur through:

Force (sometimes referred to as
“power over”)

Cooperation (referred to as
“power with” or exchange power)
Resource
control
Alliances/
Connections
Coercion
Power
Legitimate
Expert
Charm/
Charisma
Information
Group 1:
High Importance /
Low Influence
Group 2:
High Importance /
High Influence
Group 3:
Low Importance /
Low Influence
Group 4:
Low Importance /
High Influence
Key Points
 It is an iterative process and
not a one-off as new
stakeholders come into the
 Can be done in an
participatory manner
 Requires building trust and
fostering communication
and collaboration
 Legitimate stakeholders?
Can there be illegitimated stakeholders?
Illegal Foresters…
Poachers…
Corrupt Government Officials…
Discuss with a partner what your understanding of
“PARTICIPATION” is in the context of low
emission land use planning.
Key Points

Different level of participation requires
different approaches

Certain attributes encourage
participation in Low Emission Land Use
Planning

Level of participation is influenced by
certain factors

Core Values for Participatory Process
under pin stakeholder participation at
all levels of engagement

Ignoring or simply forgetting about stakeholders.

Broad and vague analysis of stakeholder’s commonly
masks important differences.

As Low Emission Forest and Land Use Plans are new,
many stakeholders may not have the capacity or
knowledge to genuinely contribute to the process.

There is tremendous interest in low emission planning,
climate change mitigation options and adaptation
opportunities.

This interest and desire to learn should help facilitate a
broad and inclusive process.
•
Multi-Stakeholder Processes Knowledge Co-Creation Portal (hosted by
Wageningen University) and the publication Tools for Analysing Power in Multi-
stakeholder Processes - A Menu. Useful tools in this publication include:
‘Importance against Influence Matrix’, ‘Stakeholder Characteristics and Roles
Matrix’, ‘Spider Web Network Diagram’ and ‘Net-Map’.
•
Power Tools: For Policy Influence in Natural Resource Management (produced by
IIED). Useful tools include: ‘Stakeholder Influence Mapping’, ‘Stakeholder Power
Analysis’ and ‘The Four Rs’.
•
Gendered roles and responsibilities in a land use planning process are also
essential considerations that will have important and long-term impacts in the
equitable and sustainable implementation of any agreed plan. The LEAF project
has published it’s Gender Mainstreaming Strategy and Checklist that provides
useful guidance on this issue.

Negotiation and Mediation in Natural Resource Management , FAO 2005

The Art of Facilitation Capacities : A Training Manual – Lydia Braakman + Karen
Edwards ( RECOFTC 2002) , Pg. 38- 47 and 195

Climate Change, REDD+ + Indigenous Peoples : Training Course for Indigenous
People, TEBTEBBA, 2010

What is REDD+ ? A Guide for Indigenous Communities, AIIP , 3rd Edition 2012

REDD- Net Website

Friends of the Earth Website

Participatory Management of Forests and PAs: A Trainers Manual, RECOFTC,
2008

Video: Not for Sale : The Fantasy of Carbon Offsetting