Name
Date
Block
DNA and Protein Synthesis Study Guide- Honors
1. What are the differences between the two types of nucleotides: DNA and RNA? Draw the
two nucleotides and label all important parts. Write any differences.
DNA
RNA
2. Why does mRNA need to be created? How does it leave the nucleus?
3. In DNA, adenine binds with ____________ and guanine binds with _____________.
4. In RNA, adenine binds with ____________ and guanine binds with _____________.
5. Transcription takes place in the ________________; translation takes place in the
_______________.
What are the three types of RNA and what are their functions:
1.
2.
3.
7. How are DNA replication and transcription different?
8. Label the diagram below of the process of transcription. Word bank: Unwound DNA, RNA
Polymerase, Promoter, Stop Codon, mRNA
9. A series of three mRNA nucleotides is called a
10. The three nucleotides found on the tRNA molecule are called the
11. Ribosomes are made out of
.
12. Label all the parts of translation during its elongation phase
The Translation Cha Cha:
1. tRNA with its anticodon assembles on the ribosome attached to its matching codon

Ribosome moves along the mRNA strand.
2. Another tRNA molecule assembles.

Peptide bond is formed between the two amino acids
Cha Cha Cha- Ribosome moves down three nucleotides (one codon)
13. What are the three major steps of translation? How do they differ from transcription?\
14. What are the possible benefits from having introns and exons in your DNA?
15. What are the purposes of the 5’ G cap and the Poly A tail?
Using the tRNA codon chart, do transcription and translation to build the protein sentence.
DNA triplets:
ACC GTG ATA ACT CGA GCA CTC ATT GGC AAC CGC
TTA TGT
mRNA codons:
UGG CAC UAU ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
tRNA anticodons: ACC GUG AUA ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ____
Amino Acid : Thr, Val, Ile,