GROWTH OF AMERICAN NATIONALISM
• Growth of national roads started to tie the regions
of the country together
• Development of steam engine boat allowed
increased transportation upriver as well as
downriver
– Growth of communities along the rivers
– Better unify the economy of the regions
SUPREME COURT AND NATIONALISM
• John Marshall used the Supreme Court to further
grow the power of the federal government
• McCulloch v. Maryland
– State of Maryland tried to tax the Bank of the U.S.
– Ruling: The national bank was constitutional due to
implied powers
– States cannot tax a federal institution
• Gibbons v. Ogden
– State of New York granted a monopolistic contract for
water trade on the Hudson between NY and NJ
– Ruling: Congress controls interstate commerce
– Contract unconstitutional, limit of state power
SUPREME COURT AND NATIONALISM
• Fletcher v. Peck
– One state legislature sold land to private speculators, the
next legislature canceled the contract
– Ruling: Congress controls contracts and states cannot try
to limit contract rights, protection of property rights
– The Supreme Court can overrule state laws that conflict
with the Constitution
• Dartmouth College v. Woodward
– College given charter by King George III but state
legislature wanted to change / cancel
– Ruling: The charter was a contract, protected by the
Constitution
– Protection to business, but later became a problem
because of abuse by monopolies (trusts)
TREATIES EXPANDING THE COUNTRY
• Rush-Bagot Treaty (1817)
– The U.S. and Canada demilitarized the border between
the two countries
– Still today the longest unprotected border in the world
• Convention of 1818
– (1) Set the northern border of the Louisiana Territory at
the 49o parallel (2) 10-year joint occupation by U.S. and
England of the Oregon country (c) fishing rights in
Newfoundland
• Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
– Spain could no longer support occupation of Florida from
the U.S.
– (1) Gave up Florida (2) gave up claims to the Oregon
country
MONROE DOCTRINE
• President Monroe’s response to European moves
into the Americas
– Russia was pushing down the western coastline from
Alaska
– New countries in South America in danger from their old
rulers as well as other Europeans who might try to push
into the countries while they were still weak
• Statement made during his 1823 State of the Union
address to Congress
• Two parts to the statement:
– Non-Interference: Europeans should not interfere in affairs
in the Western Hemisphere
– Non-involvement: The U.S. would not become involved in
affairs in Europe, especially revolutions
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
• Missouri wanted to enter the Union as a slave state
– First new state from the Louisiana Territory region
• New abolition movement in the North saw this as a
spread of slavery into the new territories
– Tallmadge Amendment tried to limit long-term
growth of slavery by freeing all slaves at 25 years
of age
• Both North and South worried about sectional
balance in the Senate (where it is 2 senators / state)
• Threat of secession by some Southerners worried
nationalists who did not want to see the country
breaking apart
http://faculty.umf.maine.edu/~walters/web%20233/missouri%20compromise%20map%202.jpg
MISSOURI COMPROMISE
• Agreement reached that temporarily solved problems
• Decisions made:
– Missouri entered the Union as a slave state
– Maine entered the Union as a free state
– Slaves states would not be allowed north of the
36-30 line
• Territories south of line could still enter the Union as
slave states
• States already north of line remained slave states
• Allowed country to settle issue of slavery, begin further
expansion westward
• Later, the limits placed on the South would become a
problem
Southern gains and losses:
Short term vs. Long term
•
•
•
•
SHORT TERM
FLORIDA gained
MISSOURI gained
north of the line
ARKANSAS gained
Balance of power
retained in the
Senate
•
•
•
•
LONG TERM
Expansion into northern
Louisiana Territory lost
Michigan lost
Access to a Pacific trade
route lost
Balance of power in
Senate threatened as
country expanded