Second Semester Final Exam Study Guide
People and Terms
1. States’ Rights (7) belief that state power should be greater than federal power
2. Judicial Review (9) Supreme Court’s power to declare acts of Congress
unconstitutional
3. Secession (9) act of formally withdrawing from the Union
4. Louisiana Purchase (9) land deal that doubled the size of the United States
5. James Monroe (10) president during the “Era of Good Feelings”
6. Indian Territory (10) area of land containing most of what is now Oklahoma
7. Whig Party (10) political organization that supported the idea of a weak president and
a strong legislature.
8. Eli Whitney (11) invented the Cotton Gin
9. Mass Production (11) the making of large numbers of identical goods
10. Nativists (11) U.S. citizens who opposed immigration
11. Abolition (12) an immediate end to slavery
12. Frederick Douglass (12) ex-slave who published The North Star and became one of the
most important African American leaders of the 1800’s
13. Seneca Falls Convention (12) convention that launched the organized women’s rights
movement
14. Brigham Young (13) led Mormons to Salt Lake City, Utah
15. The Alamo (13) old Spanish mission that was occupied by Texas rebels
16. Sam Houston (13) former governor of Tennessee who was elected president of the
Republic of Texas
17. Popular Sovereignty (14) principle that would allow voters in a particular territory to
decide whether they wanted to ban or permit slavery
18. Dred Scott Decision (14) Supreme Court ruling that denied that African Americans had
rights as citizens
19. Battle of Antietam (15) the bloodiest single day battle in U.S. history
20. Pickett’s Charge (15) event in which 15,000 Confederates went up Cemetery Ridge
21. Freedmen’s Bureau (16) federal agency established to provide relief for all poor people
in the south
22. Jim Crow Laws (16) laws that enforced segregation
23. Andrew Johnson (16) vice-president under Abraham Lincoln who was sworn in as
president after Lincoln’s assassination
Chapter 9
24. What major battle occurred two weeks after the U.S. and Great Britain signed a peace
treaty?(9) Battle of New Orleans
25. Who was sent to explore the Missouri River area to establish peaceful relations with
American Indians?(9) Lewis and Clark
26. Who was the Supreme Court Justice whose ruling established the principle of Judicial
Review?(9) John Marshall
27. What impact did Marbury v. Madison have on the Supreme Court?(9) Established the
principle of Judicial Review
28. Who were the War Hawks?(9) Members of Congress who wanted war with Britain
during the war of 1812
Chapter 10
29. What is the concept of nullification?(10) States had the right to not obey any federal
law with which they disagreed.
30. Who often represented the concerns of the slave states and was very popular with the
common people?(10) Andrew Jackson
31. How did Georgia respond to the Supreme Court ruling in Worcester v. Georgia?(10)
Georgia defied the ruling and removed the Cherokee from their land.
32. What did the Monroe Doctrine state?(10)it declared that the U.S. would not allow
European nations to create American colonies or interfere with the free nations of
Latin America.
Chapter 11
33. Describe the impact of the Cotton Gin.(11) It increased the demand for slaves
34. What did the Missouri Compromise state?(11) Allowed Missouri and Maine to enter
into the Union
35. Why did Nat Turner begin a slave revolt?(11) He believed that God had called upon him
to end slavery.
36. What was the platform of the Know-Nothing Party?(11) They wanted to exclude
Catholics and foreigners from public office
Chapter 12
37. What was the function of the Underground Railroad?(12) A network of people who
helped fugitive slaves
38. Who was William Lloyd Garrison and what was The Liberator?(12) One of the most
outspoken leaders of the abolitionist movement/ an antislavery newspaper
Chapter 13
39. After what battle was Santa Anna forced out of Mexico City thus ending the Mexican
War?(13)Battle of Chapultepec
40. What did the term manifest destiny mean?(13) The belief that the U.S. was meant to
expand across the continent
Chapter 14
41. Why was John Brown’s raid at Harper Ferry unsuccessful?(14) No slaves would join for
fear of punishment
42. What does the term sectionalism mean? A devotion to the interests of one region rather
than to those of the entire country
43. Who was elected president of the Confederate States of America?(14) Jefferson Davis
44. Who wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin and what was it about?(14) Harriet Beecher Stowe – The
evils of slavery/slave being mistreated by his master
45. Who was the Union commander that refused to leave Fort Sumter?(14) Robert Anderson
Chapter 15
46. What event triggered the Battle of Gettysburg?(15)confederate soldiers searching for
shoes
47. Why did Union leaders want control over the Mississippi River?(15) To cut the
Confederates off from supplies
48. Describe the total war strategy used by Sherman?(15) Targeting both civilian and
military resources to destroy the South’s ability to fight
49. What did the Emancipation Proclamation do?(15) Declared slaves free in those areas
controlled by the Confederacy
50. Who first introduced iron clad ships and why?(15) The Confederacy/in an attempt to
overcome the Unions superiority at sea/to break the naval blockade
51. What was the 54th Massachusetts Infantry?(15)pg.527 A regiments consisting mainly of
African Americans who played a key role in the attack on Fort Wagner, South Carolina
Chapter 16
52. Northern Republicans that wanted to move to the south were often called what?(16)
Carpetbaggers
53. What made slavery illegal throughout the United States?(16) 13th Amendment
54. What was the definition of Reconstruction?(16) The process of reuniting the nation and
rebuilding the southern states without slavery
55. What is the definition of segregation?(16) The forced separation of whites and African
Americans in public places
Chapter 18
56. Why did skilled workers form trade unions?(18) Because competition with cheaper
manufactured goods had reduced their wages and created poor working conditions
and child labor
57. What is the purpose of a strike?(18) refusal to work until employers meet workers’
demands