AP US Government and Politics
Study Guide: Test 2, Chapters 4-5
**Please note: 4-6 questions from Chapters 1-3 will show up on this test**
Chapter 4: Questions to Answer:
1. What is the origin of the Bill of Rights?
a. How did these rights apply to the states?
2. How does the Bill of Rights protect freedom of religion while maintain a separation between the state and religion?
3. Define freedom of expression, explain where it is found in the Bill of Rights and show why it is important in a
democracy.
4. Discuss the importance of privacy rights—give examples of how individual privacy is protected under the
Constitution.
5. Identify the rights of the accused and discuss the role of the Supreme Court in expanding those rights.
Identifications and Vocabulary Words
Civil Liberties
Bill of Rights
Incorporation Doctrine or Theory
Freedom of Religion
Establishment Clause
Separation of Church and State—where did that come
from?
Free Exercise Clause
The Religious Freedom Restoration Act (1993)
- Oregon v Smith (1990)
Freedom of Expression
Prior Restraint
- New York Times v United States (1971)
Symbolic Speech
Commercial Speech
Clear and Present Danger
Espionage Act
Clear and Present Danger Test
Bad Tendency Rule
Dennis v United States (1951)
Yates v United States (1957)
Brandenburg v Ohio (1969)
Unprotected Speech
Obscenity—know criteria
Communications Decency Act
Child Online Protection Act
Child Pornography Prevention Act (CPPA)
Slander
Defamation of Character
Hate Speech
Freedom of the Press
Libel
Actual Malice
Public Figures
Gag Order)
Federal Communications Committee (FCC)
The Right to Assemble and Petition
Right to Privacy
The USA PATRIOT Act
Rights of the Accused/Rights of Society
Miranda Rights
Exceptions to the Miranda Rule
Exclusionary Rule
Cruel and Unusual Punishment
Basic Rights of Criminal Defendants (Chart)
Chapter 4: Questions to Answer:
1. What are “Civil Rights?” Locate in the US Constitution the obligation on government to guarantee all citizens
equal protection under the law.
2. What are the limits of state and federal law in guaranteeing equality to all people?
3. How does the Supreme Court play an important role relative to civil rights? Identify at least two significant
Supreme Court decisions that advanced civil rights in the USA.
4. Identify and explain three important events related to each of the campaigns for civil rights undertaken by
African Americans, women, Latinos, people with disabilities, and the LGBTQ community.
5. What is the goal of affirmative action? Why is this approach so controversial?
Identifications and Vocabulary Words
Civil Rights
Dred Scot v. Sandford (1857)
Missouri Compromise
Civil War Amendments
Civil Rights Acts of 1865-1875
Black Codes
Juneteenth
Ku Klux Klan
Plessy v. Ferguson (1877)
Separate but Equal
Jim Crow Laws
Civil Rights Cases of 1883
White Primary
Smith v Allwright (1944)
Grandfather Clause
Poll Taxes
Literacy Tests
Lynching
NAACP
WEB Dubois
Brown v Board of Education (1954)
“With all Deliberate Speed”
Central High School in Little Rock,
Arkansas
De facto segregation
De jure segregation
Busing
Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.
Rosa Parks
Civil Disobedience
Mahatma Gandhi
Nonviolence demonstrations
March on Washington
Black Power
Malcolm X
Civil Rights Acts of 1957
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Title VII
Equal Employment Opportunity
Commission
Subpoena
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Urban Riots
Civil Rights Act of 1968
Suffrage
Susan B. Anthony
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
National Women’s Suffrage
Association (NWSA)
Alice Paul
Second Wave Women’s
Movement
Feminism
Equal Rights Amendment
Three-State Strategy
Gender Discrimination
Sandra Day O’Connor
Geraldine Ferraro
Hillary Clinton
Michelle Bachman
Supreme Court Cases to Know:
Madeline Albright
Condoleezza Rice
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Sonia Sotomayor
Sexual Harassment
Equal Pay Act of 1963
26th Amendment
Chicano Movement
Cesar Chavez
Delores Huerta
Immigration issues in America
Illegal Immigration
Citizenship issues
Bilingual Education
Affirmative Action
UC Berkeley v Bakke
Reverse Discrimination
Reparation
Special Protection
Americans with Disabilities Act
Stonewall Inn Incident
Gay Liberation Front
Gay Activist Alliance
Hate Crime
Defense of Marriage Act
State Recognition of Gay
Marriages