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• MADE OF SKIN, HAIR, NAILS & GLANDS.
FUNCTIONS FOR:-
• PROTECTION.
• EXCRETION.
• TEMPERATURE REGULATION.
• SENSORY PERCEPTION
• VITAMIN D SYNTHESIS.
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EPIDERMIS
• IS THE THINNER OUTER LAYER COMPOSED OF
STRATIFIED SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM THAT
FORM TWO CELL LAYERS.
• STRATUM CORNEUM:- SURFACE LAYER MADE
OF DEAD FLAT KERATINIZED CELLS.
• STRATUM BASALE:- INNER LAYER THAT
DIVIDE CONTINUOUSLY TO MAKE NEW CELLS.
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EPIDERMIS
• THE EPIDERMIS FORMS HAIR FOLICLES,
HAIR, SEBACEOUS GLANDS AND SWEAT
GLANDS THAT PENETRATE INTO THE
DERMIS OR HYPODERMIS LAYERS.
• EPIDERMIS FUNCTION FOR PROTECTION
AGAINST PATHOGENS, ULTRAVIOLET
RADIATION & EXCESSIVE WATER LOSS.
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DERMIS
• THE THICKER INNER LAYER COMPOSED OF
FIBROUS CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT PROVIDE
STRENGTH AND ELASTICITY.
• CONTAIN BLOOD VESSELS, NERVES AND
SENSORY RECEPTORS.
• DERMAL PAPILLAE CONTAIN BLOOD VESSELS
THAT SUPPLY NUTRIENTS TO THE EPIDERMIS
AND PRODUCE THE FINGERPRINTS.
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HYPODERMIS
• IS NOT PART OF THE SKIN BUT CLOSELY
ASSOCIATED WITH IT.
• COMPOSED OF LOOSE CONNECTIVE AND
ADIPOSE TISSUE THAT ATTACHES THE
SKIN TO THE UNDERLYING STRUCTURES.
• IT ALSO SERVES AS A HEAT INSULATOR
AND A STORAGE SITE FOR FATS.
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• SKIN COLOR IS INHERITED & PRODUCED
FROM THREE DIFFERENT PIGMENTS:-
HEMOGLOBIN:- PINKISH CAUCASIAN SKIN.
CAROTENE:- YELLOWISH ASIAN SKIN.
MELANIN:- DARK SKIN IN COLORED RACES.
MELANIN IS PRODUCED BY MELANOCYTES
FOUND IN DEEPER EPIDERMIS LAYERS.
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• HAIR IS FORMED OF KERATINIZED CELLS
• THE SHAFT PROJECT ABOVE THE SKIN
SURFACE.
• THE ROOT IS BELOW THE SKIN SURFACE
IN A HAIR FOLLICLE.
• THE ARRECTOR PILI MUSCLE MAKE THE
HAIR STAND & PRODUCE GOOSE BUMPS.
• THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS SECRETE OIL
INTO THE HAIR FOLLICLES.
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• NAILS ARE MADE OF KERATINIZED CELLS
• CONSIST OF A BODY {VISIBLE PART} & A
ROOT {INSERTED INTO THE DERMIS}.
• THE LUNULA IS THE WHITISH CRESENT-
SHAPED AREA NEAR THE ROOT.
• NAILS ARE COLORLESS BUT APPEAR PINK
DUE TO THE NAIL BED BLOOD VESSLES.
• NAILS FUNCTION IS PROTECTION.
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• THREE TYPES OF EXOCRINE GLANDS ARE
ASSOCIATED WITH THE SKIN:-
• SEBACEOUS GLANDS:- PRODUCE AN OILY
SEBUM INTO THE HAIR FOLLICLE.
• SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS:- SWEAT.
• CERUMINOUS GLANDS:- EAR WAX.
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CUTANEOUS MALIGNANT MELANOMA
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