The INTEGUMENTARY System
Vocabulary
• Word parts
1. cutane/oskin
Subcutaneous (beneath the skin)
1. Dermat/oskin
Dermatologist (one who studies the skin)
1. Trich/ohair
Trichopathy (any disease of the hair)
1. Pil/o- (pil/i-)
hair
Pilocystic (a cyst containing hair)
1. - plasty
surgical repair
Dermoplasty ( surgical repair of the skin)
Vocabulary
• Avascular
• Metastasis
having no blood flow
• Melanin
causes coloration of skin hair
and eye
• Keratin
causes skin to be waterproof
• PA
physician assistant
movement from one part of
the body to another, used
often to describe cancer
Functions of the Skin
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Protection
Vitamin D Production
Sensory Organ
Temperature Regulation
Protection against UV Light
Layers of the Skin
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous
Epidermis
• Outer layer of skin
• Avascular - no blood vessels
Dermis
• Layer of skin under the epidermis
• Made up of collagen and elastic
connective tissue fibers
• Contains the blood vessels, glands,
hair follicles, and nerve endings of
the skin
Subcutaneous Layer
• Not part of the true skin
• Connective tissue that connects the skin
to the muscle and organs underneath
• Also called the hypodermis
• Contains nerve endings responsible for
deep pressure
• May contain enlarged fat cells in obese
individuals
Nails
• Plates of tightly packed cells of the
epidermis
• Helps to grasp and manipulate
small objects
Glands of the Skin
• Sudoriferous Glands (Sweat
Glands)
• Sebaceous Glands (Oil Glands)
Sudoriferous Glands
(Sweat Glands)
• Glands secrete sweat - a mixture of:
– water
– ammonia
– sugar
- salts
- urea
-lactic acid
- amino acids
- uric acid
-ascorbic acid
• Primary function - regulates body
temperature by evaporation of water
• Eliminates some waste products
Sebaceous Glands
• Oil glands usually associated with hair follicles
• Secrete an oily substance called sebum a
mixture of fats, cholesterol, protein and
inorganic salts
• Keeps hair from drying out and becoming
brittle
• Keeps skin soft and pliable
• Inhibits growth of certain bacteria
Hair
• Composed of dead (Keratinized)
skin cells
• Primary function is protection
– guards the scalp from injury and
sunlight
– eyebrows - eyelashes protect the eye
– ears and nostrils keep out foreign
objects
• Helps regulate body temperature
• Touch receptors associated with
hair follicles
Hair Structures
Diseases and Disorders
Acne
• An inflammation of the sebaceous
glands and hair follicles
• Much more active at puberty
– Affects boys more severely than
girls
• Caused by bacteria that colonize in
the sebaceous follicles
• Can be treated with over-thecounter medications or for severe
cases, prescription medications
Athletes Foot
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A common infection caused by the
tinea fungus
Symptoms include itching, burning,
and cracked, scaly skin between the
toes and on the feet
It grows best in damp, dark, warm
places
Treatment includes over-the-counter
antifungal creams for most cases
and prescription medicines for more
serious infections.
Ring Worm
• Caused by tinea fungus
• Causes a red skin rash that forms a ring
on normal looking skin
• This is not caused by a worm
• Common treatment includes over-thecounter antifungal creams
Jock Itch
• Cause by the tinea fungus
• Causes an itchy, burning rash in the
groin area
• Common treatment includes overthe-counter- antifungal creams
Skin Cancers
• Cancerous growths of skin tissue
• The sun is responsible for over 90%
of all skin cancers
• Three main types of skin cancers
– Basal Cell Carcinomas
– Squamous Cell Carcinomas
– Malignant Melanomas
– to 16 year old me/ and Steinfeld clips
Basal Cell Carcinoma
• The most common form of
cancer
– 1 million new cases
estimated in the U.S. each
year
– Occurs most frequently on
the sun-exposed areas of the
body (face, ears, neck, scalp,
shoulders, and back)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• The second most common form
of skin cancer
– Over 250,000 new cases per year
• Most cases are caused by
chronic overexposure to the sun
• Tumors apperar most frequently
on the sun exposed face, neck,
bald scalp, ears, and lips
Melanoma
• Arises from the
melanocytes
• The least common but
most dangerous form of
skin cancer
• In men is most common
on the trunk, head, and
neck.
How cancer spreads video
– In women is most
common on the lower
legs
ABCDE Method to Assess Skin
Cancer
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A - Asymmetry
B - Border
C - Color
D - Diameter
E – Evolution or Elevation
Careers
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Dermatologist
Medical Photographer
Physician Assistant
Plastic surgeon
Dermatologist
• Concerned with the diagnosis and
treatment of diseases of the skin, hair
and nails
• 8 years school + residency +
specialization
• $100,000 - $200,000
• Prevention and treatment, surgery,
cancer and laser surgery, cosmetic
procedures- Botox, liposuction, chemical
peeling, cryosurgery, eyelid surgery……
• discovery/ dermatology
Medical Photography
• Biomedical photographers
• Demonstrate artistic ability and scientific
knowledge
• Textbooks, pamphlets, advertisements,
civil/legal procedures, teaching models, surgical
procedures, medical progress or autopsy
• Create prints, charts, graphs…
• $30,000-50,000
• Schooling emphasis on study of photography
• how to become a medical photographer
• award winning medical photographer
Physician Assistant
• Practice medicine under the
supervision of a physician/surgeon
• Diagnose, examine and treat
patients, suture, splinting, casting
and prescribing medicine
• $60000-90000
• 6-8 years school
• pumping blood into the medical field
Plastic Surgeon
• Medical specialty that uses surgical / nonsurgical techniques to change appearance and
function of the body
• Functionally reconstructive or cosmetic
enhancements
• Burns, traumatic injuries, congenital
abnormalities (cleft lip), removal of cancers,
mastectomy- reconstructive
• 8 years school + residency + specialization
• $90,000 ++++ a year