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composed of epithelium bound to an
underlying connective tissue.
Mucous membranes: line body cavities that are
open to the outside.
Cutaneous membrane: the skin
Serous membranes: line closed ventral body
cavities.
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Parietal layer- lines the body cavity
Visceral layer covers the organ
Serous fluid serves as lubricant between the layers.
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protection of deeper tissue from chemicals,
bacteria, injury, and drying
regulation of body temperature through
radiation and sweating
synthesis of defensive proteins and vitamin D.
The cutaneous sensory receptors are located in
the skin.
*Forms a waterproof, stretchy, washable coat
that repairs itself when damaged.
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Epidermis
superficial
made of stratified squamous epis
(contains keratin and lacks blood
vessels.)
Surface cells are dead and continually
flake off and are replaced by division of
cells in the basal layer.
Melanin, a pigment produced by
melanocytes, protects the nuclei of
epithelial cells from damaging rays of
the sun.
Dermis
composed of dense connective tissue.
site of blood vessels, nerves, and
epidermal appendages.
has two regions, the papillary and
reticular layers. The papillary layer has
ridges, which produce fingerprints.
Formed from the epidermis but reside in the dermis.
 Sebaceous glands – oil glands. Produce sebum
(keeps skin and hair soft and healthy). Usually
connected by a duct into a hair follicle.
 Sweat (sudoriferous) glands, under the control of
the nervous system, produce sweat, which is
connected by ducts to the epithelial surface. Aid in
heat-regulation.
 Hair -primarily dead keratinized cells produced by
the hair bulb.
 Nails -hornlike derivatives of the epidermis.
Primarily dead keratinized cells.
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Infections and
Allergies
The most common skin
disorders.
Ex: ringworm is fungal,
staph is bacterial, nail
fungus, and allergic
reactions to poison ivy.
Burns
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result in loss of body fluids
and invasion of bacteria
represent a major threat to
the body.
The severity of the burn
depends on the depth of
tissue destruction.
Burns, Cont.
◘ first-degree
epidermal damage
only
◘ second-degree
epidermal and some
dermal injury
◘ third-degree
epidermis and dermis
totally destroyed
**Third-degree burns
require skin grafts.
Skin Cancer
◘ most common
cause is exposure to
ultraviolet radiation.
◘ Cure of basal cell
and squamous cell
carcinoma is
complete if they are
removed before
melanoma, a cancer
of melanocytes,
forms. It is still fairly
rare but is fatal in
about half the cases.
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The skin is thick,
resilient and hydrated
in youth, but loses
elasticity and thins as
aging occurs.
Balding and/or
graying occurs with
aging. Both have
genetic links, but can
result from other
factors such as drugs,
emotional stress, etc.