3.1 - Compounds
Name: _______________________
Date: ___________________
Objectives - By the end of the lesson you should be able to:
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________________________________________________
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Compare and contrast ______________________ and ________________________ compounds
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Describe _________________________________ ions
Importance
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Almost everything in our world is made of compounds and mixtures of compounds
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Our society depends on the production and wise use of compounds
Recall:
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Metals have _____________________ (___) ion charges.
o Therefore, they want to __________________ an e- from their outer shells.
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Most non-metals have ___________________ (___) ion charges.
o Therefore, they want to ____________________ an e- into their outer shells.
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Compounds are made up of _____________________________________________________ that
have been __________________________________.
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______________________ are located in the shells around the nucleus
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Only electrons can move – protons and neutrons are “________________” in the nucleus
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Golden Rule: all atoms want to have ______________________________________
and will gain/lose electrons to do achieve this
Atomic Structure Review
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How will sodium achieve a full outer shell: gain 7 electrons or lose 1?
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Way easier to lose 1, so has an overall ion charge of ___________________
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How will fluorine achieve a full outer shell: gain 1 electron or lose 7 electrons?
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Way easier to gain 1, so has an overall ion charge of __________________
Question
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Where do the electrons that are gained when making a full outer shell come from??
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Where do the electrons that are lost when making a full outer shell go??
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ANSWER: ____________________________!
Making Compounds
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There are two ways to make compounds:
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_____________________________________: electrons can be ___________________________
from one atom (losing electrons) to another atom (gaining electrons)

_____________________________________: electrons are _____________________ between two
atoms that are __________________________________ electrons

You never has a situation where two atoms are both _____________________
Ionic Compounds

Transfer of electrons from a _________________ to a ___________________________

The metal have ___________________charges because they are _____________________ electrons

The non-metals have ________________ charges because they are ___________________ electrons
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____________________________________________________ so they stick together like magnets!
Ionic Bonding Example: Lithium and Fluorine

How many valence electrons does lithium have? _______________
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How many valence electrons does fluorine have? _________________
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Thus to gain full outer shells – lithium will _________ its outer shell electron to fluorine
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To show an ionic bond draw an arrow to show where electrons are moving from and to
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Draw the brackets and show the ion charges formed for each.
Your Turn! Draw a beryllium and oxygen atom. Draw arrows to show where the electrons would move and
the final ionic bond!
Ionic Compounds as solids

When ionic compounds occur as solids there are more than one pair of atoms
involved

These occur as an “______________________________________”
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Notice the + ions and - ions are in an ______________________ pattern
Covalent Compounds

What happens when 2 non-metals try to bond when they both need to gain electrons?
o They have to _____________________________ to gain full
outer shells!
o A __________________ is formed when a group of atoms
bond together by sharing electrons
Covalent Bonding Example: Water (H2O)
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How many valence electrons does hydrogen have? _____________
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How many valence electrons does oxygen have? ______________
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When hydrogen and oxygen bond how many electrons does oxygen need? ______
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How many electrons can hydrogen give to oxygen? _______________
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So how many hydrogen atoms are needed to make water? _________________
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Notice that the outer shells of each atom are overlapping to show and that the
electrons are in that “__________________________”
Your turn! Draw the covalent bonds for Ammonia (NH3)
Polyatomic Atoms
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Covalent and ionic bonds can be found in the same compound!!
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It is possible for some molecules (____________________________________________________)
to gain/lose electrons as the atoms combine to form a compound.
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So, because they are gaining/losing electrons they are called ions....specifically __________________
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“Poly” means ________________...so, there are many atoms in this type of ion
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There are many types of polyatomic ions.
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One kind, carbonate, helps form the delicate shell of a robin’s egg and the enamel on your teeth
Calcium Carbonate
Carbonate Ion
Review
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Ionic Compounds: bonding between _________________ and ____________________
o _____________________ of electrons from metal to non-metal results in ________________
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Covalent Compounds: bonding between _______________________ and ___________________
o Electrons are ________________________
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Polyatomic Ions: group of atoms covalently bonded together which form an overall charged molecule
– like a __________!
Quiz! Ionic compound, covalent compound, or polyatomic ion?
NaCl
MgCl2
CCl4
MgO
CO3-2
OH-1
Li2O
P4O10
NH4+1