Not that good
an impression,
but close-ish)
Hi
I am Lindy
and
we are here to do geography and history
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Our wiki
• http://interhigh-history.wikispaces.com/
• I will put copies of all the documents we use
• But there will be other things in the wiki too – links to
quizzes and games – links to interesting stuff for you to
look at.
• There are also some other pages on this – such as Top
Homeworks (fairly obvious – it is the display board that
virtual classrooms do not possess!) and History in the
News – every now and then, there are interesting
discoveries that I add as they occur.
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What we will be doing
• The year will be divided up into 5 units
• Unit 1: The Tudors
• Unit 2: The agricultural and industrial
revolutions
• Unit 3: What is Empire?
• Unit 4: The coming of the Raj – all about the
British in India
• Unit 5: Slavery
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So for the next 7 weeks, we will be
looking at Unit 1
• Lesson 1 examines why the Tudor line emerged and how Henry
VII managed to gain and keep power.
• Next we look at Henry VIII and his famous wives!
• We look briefly at King Edward and Queen Mary before looking
at the way in which Queen Elizabeth uses spin to tell her subjects
about what she wants them to think of her!
• Then there are 2 lessons about Tudor exploration of the world by
sea and one about the role of the Tower of London in Tudor
times.
• Finally a look at people’s lives in Tudor times – a chance for you
guys to research different aspects of how they lived.
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The Tudor time line
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Henry VII
1485 - 1509
Jane Grey
July 1553
Henry VIII
1509 - 1547
Mary I
1553 - 1558
Edward VI
1547 - 1553
Elizabeth I
1558 - 1603
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Who Were They?
• The Tudors where a family who ruled over England
from 1485 until 1603. They brought peace to England
after many years of war. There had been a war - The
War of the Roses for 30 years in England. The
Lancasters had a red rose as a symbol, and the Yorks
had a white.
• At the end of the war, Henry Tudor, a Lancastrian,
married the niece of the leader of the Yorks. They put
the white rose and the red rose together as a symbol of
unity and the Tudor rose (shown above) was born.
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How it came about
• The Wars of the Roses were a series of battles in fifteenth century
England between two rival branches of the Plantagenet family:
the houses of Lancaster and York.
• The title "Wars of the Roses" would not have been understood by
the people at the time.
• The term was coined later, and became well known after
Shakespeare's portrayal of the Duke of York and the Duke of
Somerset plucking a rose in the gardens of the Inns of Temple in
London.
• The white rose was only one of several badges of the House of
York, and there is no evidence that the House of Lancaster used
the red rose at this time!
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How it came about
• Despite later Tudor propaganda, the Wars did not bring thirty
years of continual anarchy and destruction.
• Most people were not involved at all and it did not upset general
trade and farming.
• Over the thirty years, only about eleven months in total (about
2% of the time) was spent in active campaigning and with a
population of roughly two million, only 50,000 soldiers took part
at any one time. Most of the major battles took place over a day
or 2.
• The Wars relied on quick campaigns and victories. There were no
sustained sieges or conquests of territory.
• The conflict was mainly one of the nobility, and was particularly
deadly for those of royal or noble blood. Both sides usually gave
the order to spare the common soldiers.
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Henry VII- what had he taken on?
• At the Battle of Bosworth Richard III was killed
and Henry was made king.
• However all the battling of the last 30 years had
led to the general population loosing faith in the
monarchy.
• Henry knew that he must stop the quarrelling
between the houses of Lancaster and York. Not
only did the country need peace, but if he did not
stop the squabbles, he was likely to have a short
life!
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Henry VI- what had he taken on?
• However, a number of battles took place, not just
through quarrelling between the Yorks and the
Lancastrians, but between various large and powerful
families, who used the divisions in the monarchy to sort
out their own personal feuds.
• They were able to do this because they had gradually
built up private armies, supposedly to support the king
in wars at home and abroad, but increasing for their own
purposes.
• Also, battles do not come cheap – the treasury was
nearly empty!
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What do you think Henry VII could
do about some of these problems?
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Henry VII – some of his actions
• He kept his promise, that if he became king, he would
marry Elizabeth of York, daughter of Edward IV
• He persuaded various of his supporters to marry
members of the Yorkist supporters too.
• He used the name Tudor (not Lancaster) as his family
name
• Henry dated the time of his reign to the day before the
Battle of Bosworth. Therefore, legally Richard and
those that had supported him could be classed as
traitors. As such anyone deemed guilty of treason could
have all their property taken from them by an Act of
Attainder.
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Henry VII – some of his actions
• Henry arranged for his coronation to be on October 30th
• Parliament met on November 7th. Therefore he did not
need Parliament to declare him king as he was king
before Parliament met.
• He established the Court of the Star Chamber (so named
because of the design on the ceiling in the room at
Westminster where it was held) and also civil courts
throughout the country. Much use was made of fines,
that swelled the Treasury coffers!
• Henry was very good at managing money, and
improved the new (confiscated) crown land so that they
were in profit.
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Henry VII – some of his actions
• He passed a law against "livery and maintenance“
banning all private armies.
• Any baron who disobeyed this royal command would
be committing treason which carried the death penalty.
• He was not involved in many battles abroad, preferring
diplomacy and trade links with other countries
• However, he did replace the private armies of the nobles
with a yeoman force of his own
• And along side increased foreign trade, he persuaded
parliament to grant him all the funds from customs
revenue!
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A DESCRIPTION OF HENRY VII
• His body was slender but well built and strong; his
height above the average.
• His appearance was remarkably attractive and his face
was cheerful, especially when speaking; his eyes were
small and blue, his teeth few, poor and blackish; his hair
was thin and white; his complexion sallow.
• His spirit was distinguished, wise and prudent; his mind
was brave and resolute and never, even at moments of
the greatest danger, deserted him.
• ….. In government he was shrewd and prudent, so that
no one dared to get the better of him through deceit or
guile.
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A DESCRIPTION OF HENRY VII
• He was gracious and kind and was as attentive to his
visitors as he was easy of access. His hospitality was
splendidly generous; he was fond of having foreigners
at his court and he freely conferred favours of them.
• But those of his subjects who were indebted to him and
who did not pay him due honour or who were generous
only with promises, he treated with harsh severity.
• He was most fortunate in war, although he was
constitutionally more inclined to peace than to war.
• He cherished justice above all things; as a result he
vigorously punished violence, manslaughter and every
other kind of wickedness whatsoever.
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A DESCRIPTION OF HENRY VII
• Consequently he was greatly regretted on that account by all his
subjects, who had been able to conduct their lives peaceably, far
removed from the assaults and evil doing of scoundrels.
• He was the most ardent supporter of our faith, and daily
participated with great piety in religious services.
• …. but all these virtues were obscured latterly only by avarice,
from which he suffered.
• This avarice is surely a bad enough vice in a private individual,
whom it forever torments; in a monarch indeed it may be
considered the worst vice, since it is harmful to everyone, and
distorts those qualities of trustfulness, justice and integrity by
which the state must be governed.
• From Polydore Vergil, The Anglia Historia, 1485-1537 (spelling
modernized)
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Meet the king
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Meet the king
• Now my lords - what do you think of this
method of ensuring loyalty? Why do you think it
worked for Edward?”
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Meet the king
• “Should I use the same policy?”
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I am back being me!
• Why did Henry use this policy? What were its
advantages to him?
• Was this policy likely to increase loyalty in terms
of
– actions
– attitudes?
• Was this likely to increase loyalty in terms of
devotion to Henry?
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I am back being me!
• What does it tell us about Henry's ability to
manage his nobility and his attitudes to them?
• How do you think the nobility might have
reacted to Henry's death in 1509?
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After his death, in 1509
• His son Henry became king
• More of him next week!!
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Homework
Choose 3 of the actions that Henry VII
took to solve a few of his many
problems.
Describe what he did and why he did it
Also explain why you chose the ones
you did
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