Life Science Chapter 4
Bellwork
•Discuss a scientific
observation you made
over the weekend.
Make a Book!
• Work with a partner, but
everyone needs their own book.
• Spend about 5-10 minutes and
read section 1 on your own
• Then, get with a partner and
make the title page of your book
Chapter 1
• Section 1:
–Taxonomy (definition, scientists,
how it is useful)
–History (Aristotle, Chain of
Being, Linnaeus)
–Five Kingdom System
–More Categories
Chapter 2
• Spend 5-10 minutes reading section 2
Section 2
• 7 categories taxonomists
use for classifying
• Pictures and explanations
for each
Bellwork
•What are the 7 levels of
classification of
organisms?
Taxonomy
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aiC_Z8Za7
wc
Taxonomy
• The scientific classification of
organisms.
• There are billions of organisms
that live on Earth
• Taxonomists (scientists who
study taxonomy) have
identified about 1.4 million
species
History
Aristotle 384-322
B.C.
• Ladder of life
• Mammals
• Vertebrates
• Invertebrates
• Plants
• Nonliving
things
14th Century
Philosophers
• Great Chain of
Being
• Spiritual
Beings
• Humans
• Higher Animals
• Lower Animals
• Plants
• Nonliving
things
Carolus Linnaeus
1700s
• Binomial
Nomenclature
• Two part Latin
names
• First name is
the species
• Second name
distinguishes
between
species
Microscope
• Because of the microscope,
scientists have added to the
Kingdom system
–Microorganisms
–Mushrooms
Five Kingdom System
Five Kingdom System
Animals
Plants
Bacteria
Protoctists
Fungi
Classification
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
1. Kingdom
2. Phylum
3. Class
4. Order
5. Family
6. Genus
7. Species
Bellwork 10-7
•Give an example of an
organism from each of
the five kingdoms
Kingdom Bacteria
• Includes all species of bacteria
• Some divide this kingdom into
two:
–Archaebacteria
–Eubacteria
• http://danmarkltd.tripod.com/taxonomy/id5.
html
Kingdom Protista (Protoctista)
• Contains one-celled
organisms that contain a
nucleus that are not
animals, plants, fungi, or
bacteria
Open book quiz over sections1-2
Bellwork 10-8
•
The man who invented it
doesn't want it. The man who
bought it doesn't need it. The
man who needs it doesn't
know it. What is it?
Classification of Living Things
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g9AQbkQ
gVeU
Section 3 Bacteria, Protists, Fungi
• Read section 3.
• For each of the categories above, find the
following information:
– 1. A description of the organisms in this category
– 2. Beneficial and detrimental effects of organisms
in this category
– 3. Habitat of organisms in this category
– 4. Examples of organisms in this category
Bellwork 10-9
• Give an example of a bacteria,
protist, and fungi.
• Also,
• I'm the part of the bird that's
not in the sky. I can swim in the
ocean and yet remain dry. What
am I?
Bacteria
• In Kingdom Prokaryotae
• All one-celled organisms
without a nucleus
• The number of bacteria in your
mouth right now is greater
than the amount of people
that have ever lived!
Bacteria
•Can live in extreme
environments
•Boiling acid, hot springs,
high mountains
Hot springs
Ocean depths
Benefits of Bacteria
• Decompose dead materials
by recycling nitrogen,
phosphorus, and other
useful nutrients back into
the environment
Decomposition
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=c0En_BVbGc
Bellwork
• I never was, am always to be, No
one ever saw me, nor ever will, And
yet I am the confidence of all To live
and breathe on this terrestrial
ball. What am I?
Bad bacteria
•Bacteria can give you
cavities and make you
sick
Bad Bacteria
• http://natsci.edgewood.edu/wingra/wingra_b
acteria.htm
Protoctist
• Organisms that have a
nucleus, but is not a
animal, plant, fungus, or
bacteria
Protoctist environment
•Live in intestines,
oceans, many others
Beneficial Protoctist
• Help in digestion
• Provide large amounts of
oxygen
Examples
Fungi
• All non-green organisms
that reproduce through
spores and absorb their
food
Examples
•Mushrooms, lichens,
molds, yeast
Benefits
• Help support trees and other
forest plants
• Provide antibiotics such as
penicillin
• Provide food (mushrooms, yeast)
• Give off chemicals that wear
down rocks into soil
Disadvantages
• Some molds and
mushrooms are dangerous
Environment
• On trees, forest floors,
rocks, many others
You do it!
• Make a classification chart
including the animal and
plant kingdoms
Plant Kingdom
25,ooo species
Bryophyta
Absorb water
and nutrients
through body
Reproduce
through spores
Filicinophyta
An so on…
And so on….
•Or you can simply
continue on as you have
in your book.
Homework
• Complete the worksheet on
kingdom classification
Bellwork
•What species are
included in the
Phylum Mollusca?
•Look in your book
Plant Kingdom
•Botanists are scientists
that study plants
•They have identified
over 500000 species of
plants
Plant phylum/divisions
•Botanists have classified
plants into several phyla
(they call them divisions,
though)
•10 Divisions/Phyla
http://www.pbs.org/safarchive/5_cool
/galapagos/g42_tax.html
• 1. Division/Phylum Bryophyta
and Hepaticophyta:
• about 25000 species
• Absorb food through their
bodies
• Reproduce with spores
Division / Phylum Filicinophyta
• Ferns
• Reproduce with spores, but
have tissues that conduct
water and minerals
Filicinophyta
Division/Phylum Coniferophyta
•Most are cone bearing,
evergreen, with needlelike leaves
Division/Phylum Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta
• 230000 plants that use flowers
for reproduction
• Includes obvious flowers
(daisies, roses, etc.)
• Also includes those not
obvious (corn, oak, grasses)
Angiospermophyta
Ginkgophyta
• Only has one species, gingko tree
• Does not use flowers for reproduction
• Also not a conifer
Ginkgophyta
Animal Kingdom
• Zoologists are scientists
that study animals
• 33 phyla
• Most common animals fall
into 9
Phylum Porifera
• Over 10000 species
• Ocean and fresh water
sponges
Phylum Porifera
Phylum Cnidaria
• All are circular and stinging
tentacles around their
mouth
• Anemones, jellyfish, coral
Phylum Cnidaria
Phylum Platyhelminthes
• Flatworms, 15000 species
• Tapeworms can live in
human intestines and grow
to 95 feet
Phylum Platyhelminthes
Phylum Rotifera
• 2000 species
• Microscopic animals that
rotate
Phylum Rotifera
Phylum Mollusca
• 110000 organisms
• Molusks
• Slugs, snails, giant squid
Phylum Mollusca
Phylum Annelida
•Earthworms and leeches
Phylum Annelida
Phylum Echinodermata
• Marine
• 5 radiating body parts
• Starfish, sand dollars, sea
urchins
Phylum Echinodermata
Phylum Arthropoda
• Segmented bodies
• Exoskeletons
• Largest phylum
• Insects, spiders, crabs,
arthropods
Phylum Arthropoda
Phylum Chordata
• All animals with a backbone
• Contains 5 classes:
–Pisces
–Amphibia
–Reptillia
–Aves
–Mammalia
Pisces
•Fish, 25000 species
Amphibia
• Amphibians
• 4250 species
• Salamanders, toads, frogs
Amphibians
Reptillia
Aves
•Birds
•8700 species
Aves
Mammalia
•Mammals
•4070 species
•More that 1000 are
bats!
Mammalia
Class/Homework
•Work on the handout
•Due Monday
Porifera
Cnidaria
Kingdom:
Platyhelminthes
Rotifera
Animal:
Phylum:
Mollusca
Annelida
Echinodermata
Pisces
Anthropoda
Amphibia
Chordata
Class:
Reptilia
Aves
Mammalia
Bryophyta &
Hepaticophyta
Filicinophyta
Plant:
Division/Phylum
Coniferophyta
Angiospermophyta
Gingkophyta
Bacteria
Fungi
Protoctist