Name ____________________________________________________Date_______________ per____
Classification Notes Outline
 Binomial Nomenclature -
 The first part of the name is ______________. The second part of the name is ______________.
EX – “Homo” is the ______________, “sapiens” is the ______________.
 The 5 Rules of Nomenclature:
1.
The ______________ is a noun and is ______________
2.
The ______________ is an adjective and is ______________
3.
If writing by hand ______________ each word ______________
4.
If typing the name ______________ it
5. If used repeatedly first write it fully out, then you can ______________ the Genus (Ex. H. sapiens)
Hierarchical System is
D__________, K_________, P___________, C___________, O___________, F__________, G__________, S__________
Phylogeny
Phylogeny is the study of _________________
_______________________ among organisms.
When a lineage splits (speciation), it is represented as branching on a phylogeny. When a speciation event occurs, a single ancestral lineage gives rise to two or more daughter lineages
Cladogram
 Diagram used to
REMEMBER: Viruses – NONLIVING
 Cell Type: NONE because _______________________
 Cell wall: Not a cell just a ________________
 Body Type: N/A
 Nutrition: N/A
 Reproduction: Replication requiring a host cell
 Examples: influenza and HIV and Ebola
Lytic Cycle – virus enters, makes copies, and then causes cell to burst (Ex. )
Lysogenic Cycle – virus integrates DNA into host DNA and stays dormant replicating; later going into lytic cycle (ex. )
6 KINGDOMS
Bacteria (Archae and Eubacteria)

How are bacteria classified?
1. 2. 3.
Cell Shape coccus (cocci)- bacillus (bacilli)- spirilli -
Cell Wall
a. Gram positive ______________ the dye and looks ______________
• These bacteria have a single cell wall layer made of ______________. (strep/staph)
b. Gram negative ______________ the dye (has a ______________) and look ______________
• Gram negative bacteria are usually more resistant to ______________ (like penicillin) and cause more severe infections.(menengitis/gonorrhorea)
How They Use Energy
Bacteria have various relationships with oxygen. Some require it to live, others die if exposed to it.
◦
______________________- these bacteria require ___________ (ex. Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
◦
___________________- these bacteria live in the ___________ of oxygen. (Ex. Clostridium botulinum)
◦
___________________- They dont require _________ to survive, but aren’t killed by it. (ex. E. coli)
CHART – FILL IN ARCHAEBACTERIA & EUBACTERIA
 Bacteria are BOTH helpful and harmful:
Diseases Caused by Bacteria:
Protista Kingdom
CHART –FILL IN THE PROTIST
How Protists Move!!
 Flagella-
 Cilia-
 Pseudopod-
Diseases associated with Animal- like protists:
Plant-Like Protists
Can be unicellular and/or __________________________
Some Examples good and Bad:
Fungus-Like Protists (cellular slime mold, Acellular slime mold, water mold)
 UNLIKE true fungi because:____________________________________________________________
 Caused what disease in crops:

Fungi Kingdom
GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE FUNGI COLUMN
 Once the ____________ enter the insect's body, they ____________ rapidly and ____________ body tissues
____________ Effects of ____________
 1. Plant Diseases From Fungi
Corn Smut-
Mildews-
Factors that ____________ fungal growth = ________________________
2. Fungi will ________________________.
3. Fungi cause ________________________:
(Athlete's Foot, Ring Worm, Yeast Infections)
____________ effects for Humans
1. Penicillin mold :
2. Some are ____________:
3. Used in food _________________:
–
Fungi are also ____________ to the ____________!
1. Fungi are ________________ ,
2. Lichen – has a ____________ relationship (____________)
Fungus + Algae.
- Fungus gets
-The algae get
3. Mycorrhizae – a ____________relationship (mutualistic)
Fungus + Plant roots.
Fungal hyphae extend into the _______and _______, helping the plant ____________ nutrients.
Plant provides the fungi with
Plantae Kingdom
GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE PLANTAE COLUMN

Animalia Kingdom
GO TO YOUR CHART – AND FILL IN THE ANIMALIA COLUMN
Asymmetry means: __________________________
Radial symmetry means: ___________________________________
Bilateral symmetry means: ________________________________
Body Plan: Coelom is a fluid filled body cavity that is lined with tissue derived from mesoderm.
INVERTEBRATES – animals with NO __________________ or vertebral column.

____________________: asymmetry & acoelomate

____________________: bilateral (flatworms = acoelomate) (Roundworms = pseudocoelom) (Segmented = true coelom)

______________________: radial & acoelomate

____________________: bilateral & true coelom (Gastropods =___________) (Bivalves = ____________) (
Cephalalopods = headfoot/tentacles)

____________________: bilateral (Crustaceans=2 body segments) (Spiders=2 body segments) (Insects=3 body segments)


____________________: radial & coelom
CHORDATES
 Four structural characteristics set chordates apart from all other phyla:
◦
◦
____________ (provides support (it acts like our backbone) and increases swimming efficiency)
◦
________________________ (respiratory structures)
◦
____________ (follow the anus with a tail of variable length -again, an adaptation for locomotion).
Important Vocab.
◦
Ectotherm –
◦
Endotherm –

Class Agnathans (________________________)
 Examples:
 Skeleton Type:
 Heart
 Temperature control:
 Respiration:
Class Chondrichthyes (________________________)
 Examples:
 Skeleton Type:
 Heart:
 Temperature control:
 Respiration:
Class Osteictheys (________________________)
 Examples:
 Skeleton Type:
 Heart:
 Temperature control:
 Respiration:
Class Amphibia = “__________________”
 Examples:
 Heart:
 Temperature control:
 Respiration:
Class Reptilia
 Examples:
 Heart:
 Temperature control:
 Respiration: lungs
Class Aves (___________)
 Examples:
 Heart:
 Temperature control:
 Respiration: lungs
Class Mammalia
 Examples:
 Heart:
 Temperature control:
 Respiration: lungs
Mammalia Reproduction Diversity
 Monotreme –
◦
 Marsupial –
◦
 Placental –