Case Studies in the Hospitality Industry
Teaching at ESL Academy
Weissinger│ Knapp
Chapter 1
LODGINGS:
YESERDAY AND TODAY
Presented by:
Name
Title
Computer Systems Institute
Outline
I.
Ancient History
VI.
Teaching at ESL Academy
Classic Greek and Roman days
Bible References
II.
Middle Ages
III.
Colonial Period
IV.
Nineteenth Century
The Industry Today
Alternative Lodgings
Government Influence
Growth of Industry
Trends
Spas and Resorts
Luxury Hotels
V.
The Twentieth Century
Other Noteworthy Innkeepers
Tourist Courts
The Great Depression and World
War II
Advent of Air Travel
Chapter 1
Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
2
Learning Objectives
o
Teaching at ESL Academy
o
o
o
o
o
Discuss the history of the lodging industry from ancient to modern
times.
Describe the post roads and taverns where George Washington slept in
his travels along the eastern coast of the United States.
Cite the names of several famous people who influenced the hotel
industry.
Discuss how the introduction of railroads, automobiles, and air travel
affected the lodging industry.
Describe governmental influence on the lodging industry in the United
States and other countries.
Understand the future trends of the industry.
Chapter 1
Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
3
Ancient History
o
Classic Greek and Roman Days
1.
2.
Teaching at ESL Academy
3.
4.
5.
6.
o
In ancient Rome the inns were large mansions
Owners would not allow guests to stay unless they carried a letter of eviction
(permission to travel from government officials)
Romans (legionnaires and civil officials) built monuments to their civilization
throughout Europe in their exploration and expeditions
Taverns were called “tabernas”
The attached inn was called a “cauponas”
Caravansaries – Near East accommodations that surrounded large courtyards
Bible References
1.
2.
Most famous inn is in Bethlehem
Jacob and his brother traveled in Judea and set up areas within inns where
travelers could bring their own supplies (similar to today’s Eastern khans)
And she brought forth her first-born son…
Chapter 1
Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
4
Middle Ages
o
Teaching at ESL Academy
o
o
o
Chauser speaks of the Tabard Inn (London), a fine hostelry of the
1300s, in his Canterbury Tales
The host of the Tabard Inn accompanied pilgrims on their journeys and
listened to their stories
They ate at table d’hote (menu with prices) and settled their reckoning
(hotel bill)
Hostelers
Inn holders
1.
Term was first used in 1473
2.
Originated from the old French word ostel
3.
Meaning gradually shifted from “owner” to “inn servant”
o
Hotel industry grew during the Crusades
Hostel (Inn) – Modern usage: accommodations of lesser quality
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
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Colonial Period
o
Public Coach Service
1.
2.
Teaching at ESL Academy
3.
4.
o
Public coach service was put into effect around 1650
The coaches ran between major cities and stopped wherever passengers
wanted
Coach inns were built along the routes primarily at points where teams of
horses were changed
The British used the word ordinary to describe such inns
United States Postal Service
1.
2.
3.
4.
Established in 1710
Primary routes were between major towns along the Atlantic Coast (post
roads)
Entrepreneurial farmers converted their farm houses to inns along the post
roads
Coach passengers slept in the hostel’s long room with their feet toward the
fire
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
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Nineteenth Century
o
Influence of Railroads on Hotel industry
1.
Teaching at ESL Academy
2.
o
Introduction of railroads had a great influence on the hotel/motel industry
Depot hotels began to arise along the railroad tracks in the Western world
during the early 1800s (connected directly to train station)
Spas and resorts
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
o
Spas – mineral springs or pools believed to be medicinal or healthful
Accessible by rail in the early days in The US and Western Europe
Resorts such as The French Riviera became the “place to go”
Niagara Falls; Greenbriar at White Sulfur Springs, West Virginia, the
Homestead in Hot Springs, Virginia; and the Cloister at Sea Island,
Georgia are legendary resorts that exist today
Tomas Cook was considered the first travel agent and arranged his first
tour in 1841
Luxury Hotels
1.
2.
The opening of the Tremont hotel in the nineteenth century was a benchmark
for the hotel industry
Cesar Ritz opened a line of hotels in London, Paris, New York, and other cities
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
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Twentieth Century
o
Legendary Name in the Hotel
Industry – E.M. Statler
1.
2.
o
Opened his first hotel in Buffalo,
New York, in 1907
Catered to business travelers
The Great Depression and
World War II
1.
Teaching at ESL Academy
2.
o
Other Noteworthy Innkeepers
1.
2.
3.
4.
o
Conrad Hilton – “King of the
Innkeepers”, opened the Mobley,
the first hotel in Texas, in 1919
Howard Johnson
Willard Marriot
Kemmons Wilson – founder of
Holiday Inn
3.
o
Advent of Air Travel
1.
2.
Tourist Courts
Groups of cabins for automobiles (early
motor homes) where travelers could
spend the night
Many smaller motels went
bankrupt during the Great
Depression (early 1930s)
Thousands of people travelled
through the United States
during WWII
New hotels were built near all
major military bases and
industrial areas
3.
Chapter 1
Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
Air travel was available to the
masses after the war
Business travelers became the
most important lodging guests
Resorts offered package plans
in conjunction with airlines
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The Industry Today
o
Alternative Lodging
1.
2.
3.
Teaching at ESL Academy
4.
5.
6.
o
o
Campgrounds
Bed and Breakfast (B&B)
Renovated Harems now serve as
hotels in the Middle East
“Treetops” – rooms in a huge tree
are available in Africa
Ryokans – inexpensive lodgings in
Japan
Boatels – accommodations on a
boat (Queen Mary, Long Beach
Cal.)
Government Influence
Governments apply, enforce, and
establish…
1.
Sanitation and safety rules
2.
Reimbursement rates for
government employee travel
Growth of the Industry
1.
2.
3.
o
50% of the US economy this
decade is devoted to service
oriented business
Today there are more than 45,000
hotels, motels, motor lodges, and
resorts in the US
International business boom,
economic prosperity, and a desire
for broadening cultural and social
knowledge promise great growth
in the tourism industry
Trends
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mega-mergers are spawning large
hotel companies
Independently owned property is
disappearing
Electronic communications are a
necessity
Extended stay hotels
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Lodgings: Yesterday and Today
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