INPUT & OUTPUT
By Deepak Singhal
WHAT IS INPUT?
Any data or instructions used by a
computer
 Input devices


Hardware
Keyboards
 Pointing devices
 Scanners
 Other devices


Page 180
Translates data into a form that the system unit
can process
WHAT IS OUTPUT?
Processed data or information
 Types of output

Text
 Graphics
 Audio & video


Output devices
Monitors
 Printers
 Other Devices

Page 190
ROBOT SENSORS

Why do Robots Need Sensors?




Makes robots “interesting”
Gives the robot capability to goal-seek
Protection & Self-Preservation
Allows interaction with environment
WHAT SENSORS ARE OUT THERE?
Photoelectric (Visible)
 Infrared (light)
 Ultrasonic (sound)
 Color Sensors
 GPS (location)

BAR-CODING

Why use barcodes?
As far back as the 1960s, barcodes were used in
industrial work environments. Some of the early
implementations of barcodes included the ability
identify rail road cars.
 In the early 1970s, common barcodes started
appearing on grocery shelves. To automate the
process of identifying grocery items, UPC barcodes
were placed on products.
 Today, barcodes are just about everywhere and are
used for identification in almost all types of business

READING BARCODES
One of the most common tools for reading
barcodes is the hand held barcode scanner. All of
the barcode scanner recommended and sold by ID
Automation have built-in decoders that can read
several different bar code types.
 Most of the scanner sold by ID Automation
receive their power from the PC keyboard or USB
port so no external power supply is required.
When a barcode is scanned, the data is sent to
the PC as if it was typed using a keyboard.

BASIC STEPS
BMCA HARDWARE:
Pharmacy Scanner
 Multiple computers
 Keyboard
 Mouse
 Portable scanner

INFORMATION SYSTEMS:
System Elements
Definitions
BMCA Examples
Input
Data and information entered into a
computer system
Scanned orders, entered orders,
scanned barcodes
Process
Action of transforming input into
output
Pharmacy and nurses verifying
orders in the system throughout the
process
Output
Changes that exit a system and that
can activate or modify processing
After scan, software verifies that
the medication is correct according
to the 5 rights of administration so
the medication can be given
Feedback
Information from the system that is
used to make modifications in the
input, processing actions, or
outputs
Pharmacy message option,
medication error forms
Control
Regulates: input via checks,
process by completing the
operations & detecting errors, and
output by ensuring conformity
Pharmacy allergy checks, scanning
alerts when wrong medication
scanned, wrong time, etc.
WHAT IS RFID?


RFID is an ADC technology that uses radiofrequency waves to transfer data between a
reader and a movable item to identify,
categorize, track...
RFID is fast, reliable, and does not require
physical sight or contact between
reader/scanner and the tagged item
RFID OPERATIONS
ARE ALL TAGS THE SAME?
Variations:
 Memory
Size (16 bits - 512 Kbytes +)
 Read-Only, Read/Write or WORM
 Type: EEProm, Antifuse, FeRam


Arbitration (Anti-collision)


Frequency


125KHz - 5.8 GHz
Physical Dimensions


Ability to read/write one or
many tags at a time
Thumbnail to Brick sizes
Price ($0.50 to $250)
PORTAL APPLICATIONS
Bill of Lading
Material Tracking
LABEL
HAZMAT SMART LABEL




Low power > long range
1024 bit memory
Read/write/lock on 8 bits
Advanced protocol
 Efficient multi-id
 12 ms/8 byte read
 Group select
 40 tags/second
 Lock data permanently

25ms/byte write

Broadcast write

Anti-collision
LADS, DADS, & GRANDDADS






  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

  
  
  
  

HOW DOES A TOUCH SCREEN WORK?
A basic touch screen has three main components:
1 Touch sensor;
2 Controller;
3 Software driver.
The touch screen is an input device, so it needs to
be combined with a display and a PC or other
device to make a complete touch input system.
TOUCH SCREEN
 Structure
Resistive touch screens
consist of a glass or
acrylic panel that is
coated with electrically
conductive and resistive
layers made with
indium tin oxide
(ITO) .The thin layers
are separated by
invisible spacers.
THANK
YOU!