CHAPTER 6
Pages 70-75
Subtopics :
Tropical Rainforest
Cold temperature Rainforest
THINK TANK!
 Name various landforms.
Forest
Grassland
Scrub
Desert
NATURAL VEGETATION
 It consist of plants planted naturally not by people.
 Each natural vegetation has its own varieties of plants.
 The type of plants grown are mainly dependent on the
amount of rainfall and particular temperature of a
place.
TYPES OF NATURAL VEGETATION
around the world
3 MAIN TYPES:
 FOREST
 GRASSLAND
 DESERT and SEMI DESERT VEGETATION
1- Hot temperature rainforest
2- Cold temperature coniferous forest
LOCATION:
North and South of the equator
THINK TANK!
 We have already studied about the rainforest.
 List few features!!
Features:
 High temperature
 Heavy rainfall
 Trees grow tall and close together . This is known as
DENSE VEGETATION.
 Evergreen plants
 Different plant shed their leaves once a year at
different times.
 The plants near the ground do not receive much
sunlight so they is lots of undergrowth plants near the
ground.
Tropical Rainforest
Features of rainforest vegetation
Top layer : CANOPY
CREEPERS(climb up in
search of light) : example
: Lianas
TREES that fill the space
in between example:
rattans
PLANTS that grow out of
the trunk example:
epiphytes
HUGE TREES have
buttress roots
Plants found in the tropical
rainforest
 Mahogany
 Bamboo
 Rosewood
AMAZING FACT:
Bamboos grown up to 90cm a day.
It is one of the world fastest growing
plant.
BAMBOO
Animal species in TROPICAL
RAINFOREST
 Deadly snake
 Giant centipedes
 Frogs
 Toucans
 Jaguars
 Sloths
 Butterflies
HAVE U HEARD?
 BRAZIL has over 50,000 species of plants.
In 2007,
 24 different species of animals were discovered.
 From AMAZON RIVER that passes by, scientists
found:
 6 new species of fish
 12 new species of beetles
 5 new species of frogs
Newly discovered BLACK FROG
Yanomami
a tribe living in AMAZON
RAINFOREST
 Cook spiders over fire, put it in hot water to remove
hair and eat its soft parts.
 SPIDER OMELETTE : They squeeze spiders eggs on
the leaves and cook them over fire.
YANOMAMI
BUTTRESS ROOTS
Features
 Consist of conifer trees such as SPRUCE, FIR and
PINE.
 Usually one type of conifer trees grow in one area.
 Temperature is below 0 degree for six months of the
year.
 Trees make sufficient growth in short cool summer.
CONIFER TREES
 SPRUCE
 FIR
 PINE
FIR
PINE
SPRUCE
Features of Conifer trees
 They have thick bark and evergreen.
 They have needles instead of leaves.
 They don’t make new leaves, they start their growth
when melting ice provides moisture.
 Short and flexible branches.
 Branches can hold the weight of snow and don’t break.
 The fallen needles cover the ground. So, there is little
undergrowth.
AFL – UMPIRE TECHNIQUE
 Define natural vegetation
 Name 3 main types of natural vegetation.
 List a difference between tropical rainforest and
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coniferous forest.
Where is tropical rainforest situated?
Name any one type of conifer tree.
List one function of buttress tree
How long bamboo trees grow in a day?
What is one special dish of Yanomami tribe?
WEEK 2
 PAGES 76 TO 81
 SUBTOPICS:
 TROPICAL GRASSLAND
 DESERT VEGETATION (Cold & Hot)
 Natural Vegetation of Pakistan
WHAT IS A NATURAL VEGETATION?
Vegetation grown naturally
without human interference.
TYPES OF NATURAL VEGETATION
FOREST
TROPICAL
RAINFOREST
DESERT
SEMI-DESERT
COLD TEMPERATE
CONIFEROUS FOREST
HOT DESERT
COLD-DESERT(TUNDRA)
GRASSLAND
Have you ever thought how the
world would be without
vegetation?
BE THANKFUL
Tropical grassland
Features
 Mostly the area is covered with grass.
 Fewer trees
 Near semi-desert area, grasses are short where as near
tropical grassland the grass grow taller.
 During the dry season it is quite hot and grasses wither
– ‘turn yellow and brown’
They die, but the roots remain alive
WHAT DOES THIS INDICATE?? Think!!!
SEMI DESERT VEGETATION
When the grass does not grow well and there are fewer
tress, the grassland turns into semi desert vegetation.
ELEPHANT GRASS
grows up to 3 m tall
Acacia TREE
Features :
It survives in dry temperature
 small leaves and thick bark prevent the loss of
moisture.
BAOBAB TREE
Features:
Survives in dry season – it stores water in its spongy trunk
DEDICIOUS TREES
 THEY LOSE LEAVES IN DRY SEASON
DESERT VEGETATION
 HOT DESERT VEGETATION
 COLD DESERT VEGETATION
HOT DESERT VEGETATION
 THINK TANK!
A- weather in the hot desert
B- amount of rainfall
C- after rain effects
D- types of plants
Some desert are sandy and some are stony. They are
different varieties of plants. Some plants die soon.
CACTUS
 FEATURES:
It stores water
Roots are spread near
the ground.
Spikes instead of leaves
to prevent the loss of moisture
Examples : saguaro cactus
(SW of N. America) –
prickly pear
COLD (tundra)DESERT VEGETATION
 FEATURES:
Temperature below zero degree for nine months.
In the season, even when the temperature is above 0
degrees, the soil thaws but the ground remains frozen.
This doesn’t allow water to drain or heat to evaporate.
Features
 The TUNDRA vegetation can survive under snow.
 Examples: mosses , lichens ‘They are small plants close
to ground.
 Seeds produce flower in few weeks of warm weather.
Mosses
lichens
During snow
TUNDRA VEGETATION
NATURAL VEGETATION IN PAKISTAN

 SINDH AND PUNJAB
Scrub or Semi-desert vegetation . Farmers have
removed natural vegetation to use the land for
farming. WHY ???
This vegetation still grows in the area outside the INDUS
PLAIN.
Who do you think lives in these scrubs??
Scrub vegetation to desert
vegetation
 WEST – KHARAN DESERT
 EAST – THAR
- CHOLISTAN DESERT

SOME AREA OF THAR DESERT HAS CHANGED INTO
FARMLAND BY IIRIGATION ------ “ CULTIVATED
VEGETATION’
FOREST : Coniferous, riverine,
mangroves
TREES ‘MANGROVES’
 COASTAL AREA OF SINDH ----
FOREST
 NORTH EAST OF QUETTA: JUNIPER FOREST
Coniferous forest
KPK
AFL – UMPIRE TECHNIQUE
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Describe any feature tropical grassland.
Why do nomadic herders keep moving?
Name the grass that grows up to 3 m tall.
What helps cactus to survive in a dry place?
Name two types of desert vegetation.
What feature makes plants survive in desert?
What place does saguaro cactus belong to?
Which one of these two survives in tundra vegetation.
LICHENS or PRICKLY PEAR
 Which areas of Pakistan have been changed to farmlands?
Why?
WEEK 3
 Sub topics:
 The uses of natural vegetation
 The destruction of natural vegetation
 Importance of conservation of natural vgetation
Uses of natural vegetation
TIMBER
 HARD WOOD – usually the trees of
tropical rainforest
Can you think of uses of hard wood?
Boat – buildings- wood housesfurniture
 SOFT WOOD- coniferous trees
 Can you think of uses of soft wood?
 Paper – also for construction
Grazing
Habitats of animals
Promotes Tourism (e.g visiting
beautiful sights – safari)
RAINFOREST IN SABAHEAST MALAYSIA
GRASSLAND IN TANZANIA
EAST AFRICA
CONIFEROUS FOREST
CANADA-NORTH AMERICA
DESTRUCTION OF NATURAL
VEGETATION
 Example:
 Plantation in Malaysia, Srilanka
 Tribes who live in forest
 Logging companies
Think of some reasons why
vegetation in destroyed?
 Increase in population
People need place to live, firewood, goods, food
 How do you think nomadic herders destroy
vegetation?
 OVERGRAZING
ARABIAN PENINSULA
IMPORTANCE OF NATURAL
VEGETATION
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RAINFALL
PLANTS GROW
ROOTS HELP SOIL TO STAY AT ONE PLACE
PROCESS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TAKES PLACE
MOISTURE EVAPORATES FROM THE LEAVESTranspiration. WATER VAPOURS HELP TO PRODUCE
RAIN.
 PLANTS BREAKS THE FORCE OF WATER AND PROTECT
THE SOIL.
 PLANTS PRODUCES OXYGEN
 WHEN LEAVES FALL-IT DECOMPOSES-FERTILE SOIL
OVER GRAZING IN ARABIAN
PENINSULA
 90% of Arabian peninsula is affected by overgrazing.
 Animals graze the plants down to the roots and it can’t re
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grow.
BEUDIN controlled over grazing by keeping limited
animals.
Saudi Arabia is the largest country of Arabian Peninsula. To
increase meat production herders keep more animal which
is causing OVER GRAZING
Some people keep herds. Herders are hired from Somalia,
Sudan and India. So the problem is increasing.
In a conference in DOHA it was recommended that only
Beduin can make their animal graze freely.
SAND DUNES
 When wind keeps blowing from same direction, the
shape of sand dunes change
WEEK 4
 RESULT OF THE DESTRUCTION OF NATURAL
VEGETATION
DO YOU KNOW
 63% of rainforest in South Asia has been cut down.
Problems caused by destruction
 Soil erosion
Over grazing-When vegetation destroys, moisture
evaporates and soil erosion takes place.
When vegetation is removed the soil dries up and blow
off . If there is heavy rainfall, soil washes away.
DESERTIFICATION
When soil erodes, the place may turn into desert
Lack of sufficient water
 Overgrazing is JUNIPER FOREST –
ZIARAT(Balochistan) has caused the grasses and
shrubs between the trees to die. This ground does not
absorb much rainfall and water passes quickly from
the bare soil . This is causing the old trees to die out. It
is also reducing the berries grown on these trees which
is eaten by thrush.
Forest
 Wood is cut for using it to light fire.
 Wood is cut to make spaces for vegetation , dams,
reservoirs
 In bare soil water runs quickly and river gets filled up.
This causes flooding
Habitats are destroyed
Endangered species in PAKISTAN
 Ibex
 Leopards
 Falcon
 bustards
 20 species of birds
 5 species of reptiles
EXTINCT ANIMALS
 BLACK BUCK
 a few are in LAL SOHANRA NATIONAL PARK in
BAHAWALPUR .
ENDANGERED ANIMALS
 ORANG UTANS
Great apes of Asia
Fewer than 30,000
Experts believe that they will extinct in 2025
Give birth in 8 year interval
Found in tropical rainforest in Sumatra and BORNEA
In East Malaysia, there number has dropped by 50%. This is
caused by deforestation of oil palm plantation.
It is offence to capture them . They are encouraged to be left
in forest than to be treated badly by people.
They are taught to swing .
Orangutans
FOREST FIRE in Sumatra and
Borneo
 Caused breathing problems
 Lung and heart problems
 The smoke reduces visibility
of roads and causes delay
in transport.
 THIS IS CAUSED BY LESS RAINFALL and DRYNESS.
 BUT, IF THE IS MORE RAINFALL, FOREST FIRES
DON’T OCCUR MUCH