Introduction to
Biotechnology
Mrs. Kolobaric
Why use it?

What are some of the advantages to
biotechnologies in genetics?



They offer us advances in pharmacogenomics
They allow individuals to identify problems early
on
They allow for identification of changes at the
genetic level
Why use it?

What are some of the disadvantages to
biotechnologies in genetics?


They create ethical issues (euthanasia,
abortions)
WE DON’T KNOW
What is out there?

The biotechnologies that we are going to look at
in this presentation are as follows:








Amniocentesis
Fetoscopy
Ultra Sound
Chorionic Villus Sampling
PCR
SDS-PAGE
Adenovidus Vectoring (gene therapy)
DNA Micro Array
Amniocentesis

What is amniocentesis





It is a medical procedure used in
_____________diagnostics
A small amount of _______________ is sampled
The fluid contains ______ tissue
It is extracted through the amnion (sac)
_____ is then examined for abnormalities
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis Application
Amniocentesis Application
 What can it be used for?
 __________________________________

It can be used to identify genetic disorders, either
from karyotyping or from genetic analysis
(mapping of genome)

Is this good or bad (talk about it with a partner,
and then bring your ideas back to me)
Some of the dangers


___________ can occur from the puncture
Incomplete healing can cause _________
and infection of the amniotic sac
Fetoscopy

What is a fetoscopy

This is an ___________ procedure that allows
the medical professional access to the fetus,
amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal
side of the placenta
Fetoscopy

What is it used for?



It allows for medical interventions such as:
______________
Laser occlusion of damaged blood vessels
Fetoscopy
An important use



It can also be used to perform ________
_________________ of fetuses
It can _______ the fetuses life
It can also be a first step in identifying
_______________________ that a fetus
may have
Dangers of fetoscopies


The incisions may become ________
__________ of the amniotic fluid into the
body cavity may occur
Chorionic Villus Sampling

Is a form of _________ diagnostic testing

It is used to identify prenatal
____________ and genetic disorders
How it is done?

A sample of the chorionic villus is taken
and tested

What is the chorionic villus?

_________________________
When it is done?



Its advantage comes with its timing
It can happen from weeks _________ after
the last period
This is a better technique than
amniocentesis because that can only
happen from weeks 15-18
CSV – Chorionic Villus Sampling
Reasons for having it done





Mother's age of _____ years or greater
Abnormal first trimester screen results
Increased ___________________ or other
abnormal ultrasound findings
Family history of a chromosomal
abnormalities or other genetic disorders
Parents are known ___________ for a
genetic disorder
UltraSound

Is cyclic sound pressure with a frequency
that is greater than that of human hearing
UltraSound



The production of ultrasound is used in
many different fields
It is used to penetrate a medium and
measure the reflection signature
This reveals information about the inner
structure of the medium
The old ultrasound
The new ultrasound
Other uses



Studying the earth
Cleaning teeth
Breaking kidney/gull stones