Plagiarism & Citation
Joyce Garczynski
Research & Instruction Librarian
jgarczynski@towson.edu
With help from Carrie Bertling Disclafani, Mary Ranadive and David Dahl
Review
Finding Books
Finding Websites
Finding Articles
How do you define
plagiarism?
Using someone else’s
words or ideas without
giving proper credit.
In the News
http://www.flickr.com/photos/pinkmoose/2611293086/
•
Paige Wiser: Chicago Sun-Times reporter fired
after implying in a review that she attended an
entire concert when she only attended part
(Tenore, 2011).
•
Sari Horowitz: Washington Post reporter who
was suspended after claiming an Arizona
Republic story about the Gabrielle Giffords
shooting as her own (Tenore, 2011).
•
Will Selva: Suspended from ESPN for using
parts of a newspaper story in a script without
attributing the original author (Tenore, 2011).
Tenore, M.J. (2011, June 20). Roundup of plagiarism & fabrication
cases. Poynter. Retrieved from http://www.poynter.org/latestnews/everyday-ethics/136280/roundup-of-plagiarism-fabrication-cases-injournalism/
And in Higher Education…
AP Photo/Delaware State Police
“Adam Wheeler, 23... is alleged to have ‘stolen over
$45,000 in grants, scholarship and financial aid money
awarded to him on applications and submissions of
documents that were based on lies and reproductions
of other people’s hard work’” (Yu & Zauzmer, 2010a,
para. 2, 9).
Yu, X., & Zauzmer, J.M. (2010, May 17). Former
Harvard student indicted for falsified applications,
identity fraud. Harvard Crimson. Retrieved from
www.thecrimson.com
www.harvard.edu
Faced serious consequences
• Forced to leave Harvard without a degree
(Yu & Zauzmer, 2010b).
AP Photo/Josh Reynolds
Yu, X., & Zauzmer, J.M. (2010, December 16).
Harvard faker Adam Wheeler pleads guilty to
20 counts. Harvard Crimson. Retrieved from
www.thecrimson.com
• Pled guilty to “20 misdemeanor and felony
counts of larceny, identity fraud, falsifying
an endorsement or approval, and
pretending to hold a degree” (Yu &
Zauzmer, 2010b, para. 2).
• “Sentenced to 10 years probation, …
ordered to make restitution of $45,806 to
Harvard University and to continue …
psychological treatment” (Yu & Zauzmer,
2010b, para. 2).
What is the policy at TU ?
Academic Integrity Policy
http://wwwnew.towson.edu/studentaffairs/policies/academicintegrity.asp
How do we avoid plagiarism
when writing about things
we’re unfamiliar with?
Cite your sources…
& cite them correctly
What are other
reasons to cite
your sources?
By M. Brunsden at www.flickr.com/photos/visionnewspaper/
Okay, so you
don’t want to
be a copycat…
Cite your sources, so…
1. The original author or artist is
given credit for their work.
2. You get credit for your own ideas.
3. Interested readers can track your
citations to learn more about a
topic.
What needs to be cited?
Any source of information!
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Books and Articles
Websites
Photographs and Art
Video and Audio Clips
Statistics, Charts, Tables, etc.
Government Documents
Interviews
• Anything that didn’t come from you directly
How to Cite - APA
Different disciplines use
different style manuals
www.amazon.com
– Social Sciences & Communication =
American Psychological Association
(APA)
Cook Library Citation Guides
• Covers APA and other styles
• Available from the library home page:
Purdue OWL
• Covers APA and other styles
• Lots of specific examples
• Bibliographies & in-text citations
• Sample paper:
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource
/560/18/
APA In-Text Citations
Paraphrasing
-
Need the author & year
•
Researchers at the University of Missouri-Columbia (2007) found that women are
negatively impacted by fashion magazine images.
•
This study found that consuming fashion magazine images is negatively
correlated with self-esteem (Sheldon, 2010).
Directly Quoting
-
Need quotation marks, author, year, & page/paragraph number
•
A University of Missouri-Columbia (2007) study found that “all women were
equally and negatively affected after viewing pictures of models in magazine ads
for just three minutes” (para. 1).
•
“This study shows that peers are the most influential factor that contributed to
women’s low body esteem” (Sheldon, 2010, p. 293).
APA Reference List - Book
Finkelstein, J. (2007). The art of self invention:
Image and identity in popular visual culture.
London, England: I.B. Tauris.
APA Reference List - Article
If no doi, end
the citation in
Retrieved from
followed by the
Source url
Sheldon, P. (2010, July). Pressure to be perfect:
Influences on college students' body esteem.
Southern Communication Journal, 75(3),
from http://www.ssca.net/
277-298. Retrieved
doi:10.1080/10417940903026543
APA Reference List - Website
University of Missouri-Columbia. (2007, March 27). Women of all
sizes feel badly about their bodies after seeing models.
Retrieved from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/03/
070326152704.htm
Exercise: Is it plagiarism?
For the questions:
• Compare the original source material with the
student paper excerpts.
NOTE: The citation style used is APA
• Work together or alone to answer the questions.
• Write down your answers on your worksheets.
• Time: 10 minutes.
Example A
Example A
Original Source
Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the
other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out
over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead
in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective innovations.
Student Paper
Google's approach may win out over the long term. In the early
1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market as Microsoft enlisted the
aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC
manufacturers.
Source included in Works Cited.
Example A
Original Source
Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the
other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out
over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead
in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective innovations.
Student Paper
Google's approach may win out over the long term. In the early
1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market as Microsoft enlisted the
aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of PC
manufacturers.
Source included in Works Cited.
Example B
Example B
Original Source:
Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if
history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term.
Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when
Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of
PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple
could again be swamped by the collective innovations.
Student Paper:
History tells us that Google's approach may be successful over the long
term. In the early 1980s Apple lagged in the PC market as Microsoft
collaborated with software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google would only summon a united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective innovations (Burrows, 2009).
Source included in Works Cited.
Example B
Original Source:
Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if
history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term.
Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when
Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens of
PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front, Apple
could again be swamped by the collective innovations.
Student Paper:
History tells us that Google's approach may be successful over the long
term. In the early 1980s Apple lagged in the PC market as Microsoft
collaborated with software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google would only summon a united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective innovations (Burrows, 2009).
Source included in Works Cited.
Example B
Original Source:
Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the other. Yet if
history is any guide, Google's approach may win out over the long term.
Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead in the PC market when
Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of software developers and dozens
of PC manufacturers. Now, if Google can marshal such a united front,
Apple could again be swamped by the collective innovations.
Student Paper:
History tells us that Google's approach may be successful over the long
term. In the early 1980s Apple lagged in the PC market as Microsoft
collaborated with software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers.
Now, if Google would only summon a united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective innovations (Burrows,2009).
Source included in Works Cited.
Paraphrase Plagiarism
“You are still responsible for […]
making sufficiently substantial
changes that the paraphrase is a
genuinely new expression of the
idea, not merely a trivial
rewording of the original passage”
(CSUSM, 2008, para. 1).
CSUSM. (2008). Plagiarism prevention for students. Retrieved March 1, 2009 from
http://library.csusm.edu/plagiarism/howtoavoid/how_avoid_paraphrase.htm
Example C
Example C
Original Source:
Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the
other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out
over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead
in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective innovations.
Student Paper:
Google stands a chance of beating Apple if it can benefit from the
pooled ideas of software developers and device manufacturers,
following the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment
in the early ‘80s.
Source included in Works Cited.
Example C
Original Source:
Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the
other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out
over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead
in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective innovations.
Student Paper:
Google stands a chance of beating Apple if it can benefit from the
pooled ideas of software developers and device manufacturers,
following the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s detriment
in the early ‘80s.
Source included in Works Cited.
Example D
Example D
Original Source:
Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the
other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out
over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead
in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective innovations.
Student Paper:
Burrows (2009) suggests that in the battle of the “tech
heavyweights” (para. 5) Google might eventually prevail over Apple
if it follows the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s
detriment during the early ‘80s: collaborating, and innovating, with
software developers and manufacturers.
Source included in Works Cited.
Example D
Original Source:
Don't look for one of these tech heavyweights to knock out the
other. Yet if history is any guide, Google's approach may win out
over the long term. Recall that in the early 1980s Apple lost its lead
in the PC market when Microsoft enlisted the aid of hordes of
software developers and dozens of PC manufacturers. Now, if
Google can marshal such a united front, Apple could again be
swamped by the collective innovations.
Student Paper:
Burrows (2009) suggests that in the battle of the “tech
heavyweights” (para. 5) Google might eventually prevail over Apple
if it follows the strategy that Microsoft employed to Apple’s
detriment during the early ‘80s: collaborating, and innovating, with
software developers and manufacturers.
Source included in Works Cited.
You’re at risk for plagiarism if you
• … procrastinate
Research & writing take time!
• … don’t understand what you’re reading
• … don’t keep good notes
• … don’t understand how / what to cite
• … don’t proofread
Tips to avoid plagiarism
Documentation — keep track of the
materials you are using
Quote carefully — color code or use
quotes when taking notes
Beware of cutting and pasting
Note key ideas then “Shut the book”
Boil down the information — summarize
Research or Citation Questions?
Feel free to contact me:
Joyce Garczynski
jgarczynski@towson.edu
(410) 704-5168
Or any reference librarian:
Visit the Reference Desk
IM us at tucookchat
or call (410) 704-2462