Biochemistry Vocabulary
1. Solution: Generally, a mixture of a liquid and a
dissolved solid or gas.
2. Solvent: The larger part of the solution; the part that
does the dissolving.
3. Solute: The smaller part of the solution; the part that
gets dissolved
4. Saturation: The maximum concentration of a solution.
Saturation depends on temperature, volume, and type
of solvent
5. Concentration: A measurement of what currently
dissolved in a solution, expressed in g/100cm3.
Equation in (M÷V) x 100.
6. Solubility: A term meaning the saturated
concentration of a solution
7. Precipitate: A dissolved substance that comes out of a
solution due to either a change in temperature or
volume
8. Metabolism: is the set of life-sustaining chemical
transformations within the cells of living organisms.
These enzyme-catalyzed reactions allow organisms to
grow and reproduce, maintain their structures, and
respond to their environments.
9. Cellular respiration: is the set of metabolic reactions
and processes that take place in
the cells of organisms to convert biochemical
energy from nutrients into adenosine
triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.
10.
Chemical reaction: In a chemical reaction, the
reactants are changed into the products, which are
different substances
11.
Reactant: The elements and molecules that go
into a chemical reaction
12.
Product: The elements or molecules produced
from a chemical reaction
13.
Yield:
to make or produce.
14.
Synthesis: The resulting product of a chemical
where a new compound is formed from the
combination of the reactants
15.
Decomposition: The resulting product of a
chemical reaction when one or more of the reactants
are broken down into simpler molecules or elements. A
new substance is also formed.
16.
Protein: are large biological molecules,
or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long
chains of amino acid residues. Proteins perform a vast
array of functions within living organisms,
including catalyzing metabolic reactions, replicating
DNA, responding to stimuli, and transporting
molecules from one location to another.
17.
Carbohydrate: is a biological molecule consisting
of carbon (C), hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O) atoms,
usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in
water); in other words, a C1H2O1 ratio.
18.
Lipid (fat): Lipids are a group of naturally
occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols,
fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and
K), monoglycerides, diglycerides,triglycerides, phospho
lipids, and others. The main biological functions of
lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as
structural components of cell membranes
19.
ATP: Adenosine triphosphate. The coenzyme used
as an energy carrier in the cells of all known
organisms; the process in which energy is moved
throughout the cell.
20.
Anaerobic: cellular respiration in the absence of
oxygen, using lipids instead of glucose.
21.
Ionic bond: a chemical bond between a metal and
a non-metal atom where the electron is transferred
from the metal to the non-metal.
22.
Covalent Bond: A chemical bond between two
non-metal atoms where pairs of electrons are shared
between the non-metal atoms.
23.
Glucose: A simple sugar or starch; the main
source of energy for the body. C6H12O6 is the formula
24.
Enzyme: are macromolecular biological catalysts.
Enzymes accelerate, or catalyze, chemical reactions.