Red Hake Urophycis chuss
Red Hake Urophycis chuss
Direct test of flowering date dependence on temperature
Sarah Diamond et al.2011. Species' traits predict phenological responses to
climate change in butterflies. Ecology 92:1005–1012
44 species
in CO
Data mainly address PRIMARY ecological responses
Distribution
Abundance
Phenology
of single species
DISTRIBUTION & ABUNDANCE RESPONSES
PHENOLOGiCAL RESPONSES
results next slide
PRIMARY ecological responses
Distribution
Abundance
Phenology
of single species
cause SECONDARY ecological responses
Community structure
Communiy function
interactions
among species
2 degree C local climate change
Repeat surveys in 2009 -2010
1880 – 3117
2010 – 5917
Plant
bar & line width = importance
Bee
Interaction
black: persisted 1880 - 2010
red: lost, due to local extirpation
blue: lost, bee still present
532 interactions
407 lost (76%)
183 bee extirpation:
community structure
224 bee still in system:
community function
121 new interactions:
community function
Plant
Bee
224 lost interactions due to altered community function
Grey: no overlap in time (phenology),
Green: no overlap in space (distribution)
Purple: no overlap in time or space (both)
Orange: no overlap in time where they overlap in space (both)
BROWN: 133 (59%) – interaction lost despite spatiotemporal overlap
The Smell of Climate Change
The impact of abiotic factors on
plant volatiles
Will Glenny: MSU PhD student
Pollinators use volatiles as chemical cues
60%-90% of plants are dependent on pollination
Maintain biodiversity and ecosystem function
Account for $18-billion annually in U.S.
Flower traits that attract pollinators
Junker and Paranchowitz 2010
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds (BVOCs)
Organic
compounds
Emitted from
plant structures
Lightweight
Communicate
with pollinators
Monoterpenes
Raguso 2008
How will Climate Change Impact Volatiles?
c.) Changed Ratios
b.) Overall Increase
a.) Historical Blend
d.) Novel Compounds
e.) New Context
Raguso 2008
Aim: Describe the impact of increasing
TEMPERATURE on floral volatile
compounds - ‘floral bouquets’
Experimental Design
Erica
multiflora
Quercus
ilex
Sonchus
tennarimus
Spartium
junceum
Globularia
alypum
Dorycnium
pentaphyllum
10
15
20
25
30
35
Temperature (°C)
40
45
Emission (ng / hr / g)
Emission (ng / hr / g)
Black line: sum of all monoterpenes.
Colored lines: individual monoterpenes
40
45
10 15
20 25 30
Temp(°C)
35
40
45
Emission (ng / hr / g)
10 15 20 25 30 35
Temp(°C)
10 15
20 25 30
Temp(°C)
35
40
45
Farre-Armengol et al. 2014
Aim: Describe the DIRECT effect of elevated
CO2 on monoterpene emission
Experimental Design
Low- 350 ppm CO2
Quercus
ilex
High- 700 ppm CO2
Quercus
ilex
GC/MS analysis of monoterpenes from daily measurements
Most monoterpenes decrease as CO2 increases.
But not all.
Leto et al. 2001