CARBOHYDRATES
• Give energy
• Polymers end in –OSE (polymers of sugars or saccharide)
• Plants store: STARCH
• Animals store: GLYCOGEN
• Structure material for plants CELLULOSE and
CITIN
• Polar: dissolve in water
gives energy and energy storage
Monomers of carbohydrates is monosaccharide
• Simplest form of a sugar (can not be broken down)
• Most common is GLUCOSE which is the reactant of aerobic respiration product of photosynthesis
Carbohydrates are polymers are disaccharides and poly saccharide
Example of disaccharides
• Sucrose-table sugar
• Maltose-sugar in “malt” liquor or beer
• Lactose-sugar in milk
Polysaccharides: long polymers of sugar bonded together (requires more energy to break the bonds
• Starch: sugar in potatoes
• Cellulose: sugar in plants(store energy)
• Glycogen: stored sugar in animals
Glycogen in animal; Cellulose in plants
Cellulose provides short term energy in plants
Glycogen: stored sugar for energy in the liver, muscles and brain
provides long term energy storage CHO
Monomers of lipids: Fatty acids or glycerol –no polymers of lipids
• Glycerol is the fat in soap (Glycerin) Can be vegetable glycerin or animal glycerin
Examples of Lipids: Steroids
• STEROIDS not ANABOLIC steroids
• SEX hormones as a metabolic lipid
Examples of LIPIDS:Cholestrol
• Cholesterol is waxy substance in the cells of food. TOO MUCH CAUSES heart disease
Examples of LIPIDS: Cell Membrane
– Phospholipids: the outer covering of a animal cell
are RNA and
DNA; where genetic information is stored and carried
Monomers of DNA is nucleotide
• DNA and RNA are made of repeating nucleotides
• Nucleotide: sugar, phosphate, and base
Polymer of Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA
Examples of DNA in prokaryotic
(bacteria) and Eukaryotic (animal)
DNA has four bases Adenine, Guanine,
Cytosine, and Thymine (uracil in RNA)
DNA aids in the synthesis of proteins
provide structural support for animals and plants (CHONS)
Monomers of proteins: AMINO ACIDS
• Provide excellent “food” for the brain;
• 20 different biological amino acids (after translation in
Protein synthesis)
Polymers of proteins are
POLYOPEPTIDE BONDS
• Many protein bonds together
STRUCTURAL protein: collagen, muscles, hair and tissue
Protein Transports: Hemoglobin to membrane channels
(people with Sickle Cell have a hemoglobin mutation)
Human Body and mainly made up
PROTEINS
Example Antibodies: proteins produced in the body used to fight against diseases
Example of Proteins: Enzymes
• Catalyst for a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
• SPEEDS UP REACTIONS IN PROTEINS
Enzyme lock and key MODEL