Organic Molecules of Life
Chapter 2
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3.
4.
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6.
Understand the relationship between matter and elements.
Know the general structure of atoms and the location and charge of each subatomic particle.
Know what elements the symbols O, C, H, N, Ca, P, K and S represent.
Understand the properties of water.
Know the meaning of hydrophobic and hydrophilic.
Know what types of substances water dissolves. (i.e. does water dissolve hydrophilic or
hydrophobic substances?)
7. Know what acids and bases are and what the pH range is for acids and bases.
8. Know what buffers are.
9. Know the Organic Molecules of Life and understand why they are referred to as such.
10. Understand what ‘Organic’ really means and understand why organic compounds are
important to living things.
11. Know the monomers (building blocks) for carbohydrates.
12. Know the monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides by name.
13. Be able to recognize foods that are high in carbohydrates.
14. Know some specific info about glucose, maltose, fructose, lactose, sucrose, cellulose, starch
and glycogen (i.e. glucose is blood sugar, maltose is beer sugar, fructose is in fruits, lactose
is milk sugar, etc.)
15. Know the monomers (building blocks) for lipids.
16. Be able to recognize foods that are high in lipids.
17. Know the difference between fats and oils.
18. Know where phospholipids are located in cells.
19. Understand the solubility (dissolving ability) of lipids in water.
20. Know the monomers (building blocks) for proteins.
21. Know what dipeptides and polypeptides are.
22. Be able to recognize foods that are high in proteins.
23. Know what kind of molecule Hemoglobin is and understand its importance. Understand the
information about Sickle Cell Anemia.
24. Know the monomers (building blocks) for Nucleic Acids.
25. Know what nucleotides are made of.
26. Recognize that DNA, RNA and ATP are Nucleic Acids.
27. Know the names of the 4 nitrogenous bases in DNA.
Cell Structure and Function
Chapter 3
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4.
5.
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8.
Understand the ‘Cell Theory’.
Understand the properties of cells.
Understand the structure of cells.
Understand the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
Know which organisms are prokaryotic and which are eukaryotic.
Understand the differences between plant cells and animal cells.
Know what the cytoplasm is and know what organelles are.
Understand the structure and function of the following organelles: nucleus, ribosomes, rough
ER, smooth ER, golgi bodies, vesicles, lysosomes, peroxysomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts,
cell wall, cytoskeleton, vacuoles, cilia, flagella. (see back of this page)
9. Understand what ‘protein synthesis’ means.
Organic Molecules of Life / Organelle Functions
ORGANIC MOLECULES OF LIFE
Carbohydrates (sugars)
Proteins
Lipids (fats and oils)
Nucleic Acids (DNA, RNA, ATP)
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
ORGANELLE
Nucleus
Ribosomes
Rough ER
Smooth ER
Golgi Bodies
Vesicles
Lysosomes
Mitochondria
Plasma Membrane
Peroxysomes
Cytoskeleton
Flagella
Chloroplasts (plants only)
Vacuole (plants only)
Cell Wall (plants; some
bacteria)
BUILDING BLOCKS (MONOMERS)
Monosaccharides
Amino Acids
Fatty Acid
Nucleotides
CARBOHYDRATES
Glucose – blood sugar
Fructose – fruit sugar
Maltose – beer sugar
Sucrose – table sugar
Lactose – milk sugar
Glycogen – carb storage (in animals)
Starch – carb storage (in plants)
Cellulose – dietary fiber, roughage
FUNCTION
DNA and RNA storage
Protein Synthesis
Modification of synthesized proteins
Lipid Synthesis
Modification and Packaging of synthesized proteins
Transport of synthesized proteins to their final destination
Intracellular digestion
Powerhouse of the cell; ATP formation
Regulates which substance can enter and exit the cell
detoxification
Provides cell shape, internal transport of materials
cell motility (movement)
Photosynthesis -converts light energy to chemical energy
(glucose)
Storage of water and other substances
Support and protection