The Furnace of Civil War
My paramount object in this struggle
is to save the Union, and is not either
to save or destroy slavery
A.Lincoln 1862
Bull Run
Ends 90 day war
• “On to Richmond”- calls to end war were
merciless
• Union army-Army of the Potomac training
in and around DC
• Scott still commander-most in the know,
know now is not the time
• Lincoln, the press and the public impatient
First Battle of Bull Run
• Spectators
• Location-Mannasses Junction
• Early results positive for north-Railroad conspires
against them, rapid deployment of reinforcement(THEME) old v new
• Thomas J. Jackson-legend is born-Look Boys!there stand the Virginians like a STONEWALL
• In defeat lies victory-South-its over-North-grew
grim and resolute
Tardy George and the Peninsula
Campaign
• GM-Young Napoleon-he will drill and shape this
raw army into an effective fighting forcedownfall-TOO CAUTIOUS
• A.L. and Mac contentious relationship-’case of the
slows’ “if GM will not use the Army can I borrow
it”?
• Describe campaign- Objective is Richmond-againold v new
• June 26-July 2 1862-7 days battle-Major defeat for
Union-losses high-Lincoln has a major change of
heart-All bets off-south WILL pay
Results of the Peninsula
Campaign Defeat
• If South ends war now-slavery in place-status quo
remains-leaders probably charged with treason
and then pardoned
• Now the Union strategy changes to TOTAL
WAR-1.blockade coast-suffocate 2. Free the
slaves and knock the pillars off the economy of
the south 3. Divide the south in two by seizing
Mississippi R. 4.send invasion force from Tenn.
To heart of DIXIE-Ga. And SC (Evisorate) 5.
Capture Richmond 6.engage enemy soldier and
civilians anytime anywhere
The War at Sea
• Blockade running profitable-Nassau Bahamas to
Nova Scotia-ships were painted to reflect water
and sky-modern war-go with guns come back with
cotton?
• Ultimate destination-interesting for the futureexplain
• Battle of Hampton Roads-Merrimack raised
renamed Va.-raised havoc and a scare
• Monitor arrived in nick of time March 9 1862-slug
it out for 4 hours-took 100 days to buildinnovations abound
The Pivotal Point-Antietam
• Post peninsula campaign-Mac fired-Pope is
in-2nd Battle of BR Aug 29-30 ‘62-Pope
boasted of only seeing backs of Rebs-Lee
let him see their fronts
• Lee now swings North-1.Foreign
intervention 2. Peace movement
• Pope canned-Mac back in-plans found
Antietam-aftermath
• South will never come so near to victory
• Foreign intervention lost-the moral victory
at Antietam was the boost AL needs to
launch his earth shaking announcement
• Sept 23rd 1862-preliminary Emancipation
Proclamation
Blacks Battle Bondage
• Blacks refused entry into Army-navy ..?yes
• Frederick Douglas lead effort-180,000
• Most from slave states-casualties high38,000 died-some as POW’s Fort Pillow
• Records indicate bravery was above that of
general population
Lee’ Last Lunge-Gettysburg
• Antietam marks end of Macs military life
• Gen. Ambrose Burnside is in-he stated to friends
his unworthiness-AL is desperate
• Dec.13 1862 Fredericksburg- “a chicken could not
have lived in the line of fire” aka Burnside’s
slaughter Pen
• Burnside out-Fighting Joe Hooker in-May 2-4
Chancellorsville-Lee’s greatest victory comes at a
price….
• Hooker gets the hook-Meade in…
Lee now gambles again
• Pennsylvania will be invaded-Why? Peace
movement-foreign aid-shoes?
• Meade takes a strong position that flanked
by two hills-Little Round Top and Culps
Hill- What happens on Lil’Rd Top is the
stuff of legends• July 1-3 ‘63- Pickett’s charge mark the end
of the old -
The War in the West
• Grant’s background• Fort Henry and Donnelson captured- bright spotsFort D commander wants terms-U.S. Grants
response changes warfare• Battle of Shiloh April 6-7 1862 is important-yes
the rebels won- Grant never left- he counter
attacked !! And KEPT coming• Spring of 62-New Orleans captured-Admiral
Faragut-’dam the torpedoes-full steam ahead”
Mississippi River
• Port Hudson La. And Vicksburg Miss. Last
areas controlling East Confederacy and
West Confederacy• Vital supplies of food making there way
through-cattle for Texas
• Vicksburg campaign given to Grant despite
critics outcry-July 4th 1863-
Sherman scorches the south
• Grant transferred after victory at Vicksburg
to the East Tenn. Theater
• Confederate forces driven union forces into
Chattanooga Tenn. -grim prospects
• Grants presses the attack-Missionary Ridge
and Lookout Mt.
• Tenn. Cleared-grant promoted
• Sherman now placed in Grants spot
Politics of War
• Lincoln’s own party divided over series of
issues-some did not think he could handle
the job-others doubted his sincerity toward
abolition-Treas. Sec Salmon Chase led
• Democrats cause problems -2 groups-peace
dems and war dems-war dems join Union
party/peace dems try to undermine effortsaka Copperheads
The Election of 1864
• Republicans changed name to attract War
Democrats- it works
• Lincoln chooses-Andrew Johnson-Tenn.
• Dems choose McClellan-Copperheads gain
control of platform-accuse opponents of waging a
failure of a war-’sue for peace’-Mac condemns
this
• Election results helped by victory in battlefield
• KY/Delaware/NJ-went for Mac-pop vote 45%
• Lincoln victory last hope for south gone!
Grant outlasts Lee
• When in doubt fight
• Wilderness campaign Grant lost 50,000-Lee
suffers as much
• Cold Harbor-7,000 in minutes-names
pinned on shirts
• Peace talks continued-both sides adament
• Ends comes quickly-Richmond captured Lee ‘cornered’ at Appamattox Court House
The Martyrdom of Lincoln
• April 14 1865-Our American Cousin played
in Ford’s Theater and John Wilkes Booth
took his life
• Plot was to kill all cabinet and VP• This would cause a crisis and the south
would reignite with passion and renew the
struggle
The Aftermath of the Nightmare
• Costs-600,000 est. KIA or at front from
disease
• 1,000,000 dead or severely maimed
• 15 billion $
• Money cannot put a price on the war
• Nullification and secession laid to rest
• Many potential disasters avoided