Study Section: This section will have 13 Sections
Clicking the study section will bring up the following choices
Part 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology
Part 2: Body Structure
Part 3: Integumentary System
Part 4: Musculoskeletal System
Part 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology
When this is clicked the following choice will appear
Common Prefixes
Number Prefixes
Common Suffixes
Adjective Suffixes
Surgical Suffixes
Procedural Suffixes
Quiz
Common Prefixes:
When this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart
Common Prefixes—when written by themselves, prefixes are followed by a hyphen.
Prefix
a-
Meaning
without, away
from
anwithout
antebefore, in front of
antiagainst
autoself
brady- slow
dyspainful, difficult
endowithin, inner
epiupon, over
eunormal, good
hetero- different
homo- same
hydro- water
hyper- over, above
hypounder, below
infraunder, beneath,
below
interamong, between
Example (Definition)
aphasia (without speech)
anoxia (without oxygen)
antepartum (before birth)
antibiotic (against life)
autograft (a graft from one’s own body)
bradycardia (slow heart beat)
dyspnea (painful breathing)
endoscope (instrument to view within)
epigastric (upon or over the stomach)
eupnea (normal breathing)
heterograft (graft from another person’s body)
homozygous (having two identical genes)
hydrotherapy (water therapy)
hypertrophy (overdevelopment)
hypoglossal (under the tongue)
infraorbital (below, under the eye socket)
intervertebral (between the vertebrae)
intramacromicroneopanpara-
within, inside
large
small
new
all
beside, beyond,
near
perthrough
periaround
postafter
prebefore, in front of
pseudo- false
retro- backward, behind
subbelow, under
super- above, excess
supra- above
tachy- rapid, fast
trans- through, across
ultrabeyond, excess
intravenous (inside, within a vein)
macrocephalic (having a large head)
microcephalic (having a small head)
neonate (newborn)
pancarditis (inflammation of the entire heart)
paranasal (near or alongside the nose)
percutaneous (through the skin)
pericardial (around the heart)
postpartum (after birth)
prefrontal (in front of the frontal bone)
pseudocyesis (false pregnancy)
retrograde (movement in a backward direction)
subcutaneous (under, below the skin)
supernumerary (above the normal number)
suprapubic (above the pubic bone)
tachycardia (fast heart beat)
transurethral (across the urethra)
ultrasound (high-frequency sound waves)
Number Prefixes
When this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart
Number Prefixes—pertain to the number of items or measurement.
Prefix
bidihemi-
Meaning
two
two
half
monomulti-
one
many
nullipolyquadsemitriuni-
none
many
four
partial, half
three
one
Example (Definition)
bilateral (two sides)
diplegic (paralysis of two extremities)
hemiplegia (paralysis of one side/half of
the body)
monoplegia (paralysis of one extremity)
multigravida (woman pregnant more than
once)
nulligravida (woman with no pregnancies)
polyuria (large amounts of urine)
quadriplegia (paralysis of all four extremities)
semiconscious (partially conscious)
triceps (muscle with three heads)
unilateral (one side)
Common Suffixes
When this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart
Suffix
-algia
-cele
-cise
-dynia
-ectasis
-ectopia
-gen
Meaning
pain
hernia, protrusion
cut
pain
dilatation
displacement
that which
produces
Example (Definition)
gastralgia (stomach pain)
cystocele (protrusion of the bladder)
incision (to cut into)
cardiodynia (heart pain)
bronchiectasis (dilated bronchi)
corectopia (pupil of the eye not centered)
mutagen (that which produces mutations)
-genesis
-genic
-ia
produces, generates
producing
state, condition
-iasis
-ism
-itis
-logist
-logy
-lysis
-malacia
abnormal condition
state of
inflammation
one who studies
study of
destruction
abnormal softening
-megaly
-oma
-osis
-pathy
-plasia
enlargement, large
tumor, mass
abnormal condition
disease
development,
growth
formation,
development
drooping
excessive,
abnormal flow
discharge, flow
rupture
hardening
narrowing
treatment
nourishment,
development
condition of the
urine
-plasm
-ptosis
-rrhage
-rrhea
-rrhexis
-sclerosis
-stenosis
-therapy
-trophy
-uria
osteogenesis (produces bone)
carcinogenic (producing cancer)
hemiplegia (condition of being half
paralyzed)
lithiasis (abnormal condition of stones)
hypothyroidism (state of low thyroid)
cellulitis (inflammation of cells)
cardiologist (one who studies the heart)
cardiology (study of the heart)
osteolysis (bone destruction)
chondromalacia (abnormal cartilage
softening)
cardiomegaly (enlarged heart)
carcinoma (cancerous tumor)
cyanosis (abnormal condition of being blue)
myopathy (muscle disease)
dysplasia (abnormal development)
neoplasm (new formation)
proctoptosis (drooping rectum)
hemorrhage (excessive bleeding)
rhinorrhea (discharge from the nose)
hysterorrhexis (ruptured uterus)
arteriosclerosis (hardening of an artery)
angiostenosis (narrowing of a vessel)
chemotherapy (treatment with chemicals)
hypertrophy (excessive development)
hematuria (blood in the urine)
Adjective Suffixes
When this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart
Adjective Suffixes—used to convert a word root into an adjective. These
suffixes usually are translated as “pertaining to.”
Suffix
-ac
-al
-an
-ar
-ary
-eal
-iac
-ic
-ical
Meaning
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
-ile
-ior
-ory
-ose
-ous
-tic
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
pertaining to
Example (Definition)
cardiac (pertaining to the heart)
duodenal (pertaining to the duodenum)
ovarian (pertaining to the ovary)
ventricular (pertaining to a ventricle)
pulmonary (pertaining to the lungs)
esophageal (pertaining to the esophagus)
iliac (pertaining to the ilium)
gastric (pertaining to the stomach)
neurological (pertaining to the study of
the nerves)
penile (pertaining to the penis)
superior (pertaining to above)
auditory (pertaining to hearing)
adipose (pertaining to fat)
intravenous (pertaining to within a vein)
acoustic (pertaining to hearing)
Surgical Suffixes
When this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart
Surgical Suffixes—used to indicate surgical procedures, their meanings,
and examples of their use.
Suffix
-centesis
Meaning
puncture to withdraw
-ectomy
surgical removal
-ostomy
surgically create an
-otomy
-pexy
cutting into
surgical fixation
-plasty
surgical repair
-rrhaphy
suture
Example (Definition)
arthrocentesis (puncture to withdraw
fluid fluid from a joint)
gastrectomy (surgically remove the
stomach)
colostomy (surgically create an
opening opening for the colon through the
abdominal wall)
thoracotomy (cutting into the chest)
nephropexy (surgical fixation of a
kidney)
dermatoplasty (surgical repair of the
skin)
myorrhaphy (suture together muscle)
Procedural Suffixes
When this choice is picked the following appears. Just a simple to read chart
Procedural Suffixes—used to indicate procedural processes or
instruments, their meanings, and examples of their use.
Suffix
-gram
Meaning
record or picture
-graph
instrument for
-graphy
process of recording
-meter
instrument for
-metry
process of measuring
-scope
instrument for viewing
-scopy
process of visually
Example (Definition)
electrocardiogram (record of heart’s
electricity)
electrocardiograph (instrument for
recording recording the heart’s electrical
activity)
electrocardiography (process of
recording the heart’s electrical
activity)
audiometer (instrument to measure
measuring hearing)
audiometry (process of measuring
hearing)
gastroscope (instrument to view
stomach)
gastroscopy (process of visually
examining examining the stomach)
QUIZ Section
Choices presented
Quiz 1A
Quiz 1B
Quiz 1C
Quiz 1D
Quiz 1E
(any previous quiz results should show next to quiz choice as score x (correct) out of x(# questions) Example
“10/14” – Only last quiz score taken should show)
Quiz 1A:
Directions: Define the combining forms in the spaces provided.
1. aden/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
2. carcin/o __________________________________________________________________________________
3. cardi/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
4. chem/o __________________________________________________________________________________
5. cis/o _____________________________________________________________________________________
6. dermat/o _________________________________________________________________________________
7. enter/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
8. gastr/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
9. gynec/o __________________________________________________________________________________
10. hemat/o __________________________________________________________________________________
11. hydr/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
12. immun/o _________________________________________________________________________________
13. laryng/o __________________________________________________________________________________
14. morph/o _________________________________________________________________________________
15. nephr/o __________________________________________________________________________________
16. neur/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
17. ophthalm/o _______________________________________________________________________________
18. ot/o ________________________________________________________________________________________
19. path/o ______________________________________________________________________________________
20. pulmon/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
21. rhin/o ______________________________________________________________________________________
22. ur/o ________________________________________________________________________________________
User Types in Answer then hits done and is shown results. Wrong answers highlighted and right answer given
Results should automatically be saved as score x (correct) out of x(# questions)
QUIZ 1B
Directions: Define the prefixes in the spaces provided.
1. a- __________________________________________________________________________________________
2. an- _________________________________________________________________________________________
3. ante- _______________________________________________________________________________________
4. anti- _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. auto-_____________________________________________________________________________________
6. brady- ___________________________________________________________________________________
7. dys- _____________________________________________________________________________________
8. endo- ____________________________________________________________________________________
9. epi- ______________________________________________________________________________________
10. eu- ______________________________________________________________________________________
11. hetero- ___________________________________________________________________________________
12. homo- ___________________________________________________________________________________
13. hydro- ___________________________________________________________________________________
14. hyper- ___________________________________________________________________________________
15. hypo- ____________________________________________________________________________________
16. infra- ____________________________________________________________________________________
17. inter- ____________________________________________________________________________________
18. intra- ____________________________________________________________________________________
19. macro- ___________________________________________________________________________________
20. micro- ___________________________________________________________________________________
21. neo- _____________________________________________________________________________________
22. pan- _____________________________________________________________________________________
23. para- _______________________________________________________________________________________
24. per- ________________________________________________________________________________________
25. peri- _____________________________________________________________________________________
26. post- _____________________________________________________________________________________
27. pre- ________________________________________________________________________________________
28. pseudo- __________________________________________________________________________________
29. retro- ____________________________________________________________________________________
30. sub- ________________________________________________________________________________________
31. super- ______________________________________________________________________________________
32. supra- ______________________________________________________________________________________
33. tachy- ______________________________________________________________________________________
34. trans- ____________________________________________________________________________________
35. ultra- ____________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 1C
Directions: Define the prefixes in the spaces provided.
1. bi- _________________________________________________________________________________________
2. di- _________________________________________________________________________________________
3. hemi- ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. mono- ______________________________________________________________________________________
5. multi- ______________________________________________________________________________________
6. nulli- _______________________________________________________________________________________
7. poly- _______________________________________________________________________________________
8. quad- _______________________________________________________________________________________
9. semi- _______________________________________________________________________________________
10. tri- _________________________________________________________________________________________
11. uni- ________________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 1D
Directions: Define the suffixes in the spaces provided.
1. -algia ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. -cele _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. -cise _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. -dynia ___________________________________________________________________________________
5. -ectasis ___________________________________________________________________________________
6. -ectopia __________________________________________________________________________________
7. -gen _____________________________________________________________________________________
8. -genesis __________________________________________________________________________________
9. -genic ____________________________________________________________________________________
10. -ia _______________________________________________________________________________________
11. -iasis _____________________________________________________________________________________
12. -ism _____________________________________________________________________________________
13. -itis ______________________________________________________________________________________
14. -logist ____________________________________________________________________________________
15. -logy _____________________________________________________________________________________
16. -lysis ____________________________________________________________________________________
17. -malacia __________________________________________________________________________________
18. -megaly __________________________________________________________________________________
19. -oma ____________________________________________________________________________________
20. -osis _____________________________________________________________________________________
21. -pathy ___________________________________________________________________________________
22. -plasia ___________________________________________________________________________________
23. -plasm ______________________________________________________________________________________
24. -ptosis ______________________________________________________________________________________
25. -rrhage _____________________________________________________________________________________
26. -rrhea ______________________________________________________________________________________
27. -rrhexis _____________________________________________________________________________________
28. -sclerosis ____________________________________________________________________________________
29. -stenosis ____________________________________________________________________________________
30. -therapy ____________________________________________________________________________________
31. -trophy _____________________________________________________________________________________
32. -uria _____________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 1E
Directions: Define the suffixes in the spaces provided.
1. -centesis __________________________________________________________________________________
2. -ectomy __________________________________________________________________________________
3. -gram ____________________________________________________________________________________
4. -graph ___________________________________________________________________________________
5. -graphy __________________________________________________________________________________
6. -meter ___________________________________________________________________________________
7. -metry ___________________________________________________________________________________
8. -ostomy __________________________________________________________________________________
9. -otomy ___________________________________________________________________________________
10. -pexy ____________________________________________________________________________________
11. -plasty ___________________________________________________________________________________
12. -rrhaphy _________________________________________________________________________________
13. -scope ___________________________________________________________________________________
14. -scopy ___________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 1A Answer Key
Combining Form Meaning
1. aden/o gland
2. carcin/o cancer
3. cardi/o heart
4. chem/o chemical
5. cis/o to cut
6. dermat/o skin
7. enter/o small intestines
8. gastr/o stomach
9. gynec/o female
10. hemat/o blood
11. hydr/o water
12. immun/o immune
13. laryng/o voice box
14. morph/o shape
15. nephr/o kidney
16. neur/o nerve
17. ophthalm/o eye
18. ot/o ear
19. path/o disease
20. pulmon/o lung
21. rhin/o nose
22. ur/o urine, urinary tract
QUIZ 1B Answer Key
Common Prefix Meaning
1. a- without, away from
2. an- without
3. ante- before, in front of
4. anti- against
5. auto- self
6. brady- slow
7. dys- painful, difficult
8. endo- within, inner
9. epi- upon, over
10. eu- normal, good
11. hetero- different
12. homo- same
13. hydro- water
14. hyper- over, above
15. hypo- under, below
16. infra- under, beneath, below
17. inter- among, between
18. intra- within, inside
19. macro- large
20. micro- small
21. neo- new
22. pan- all
23. para- beside, beyond, near
24. per- through
25. peri- around
26. post- after
27. pre- before, in front of
28. pseudo- false
29. retro- backward, behind
30. sub- below, under
31. super- above, excess
32. supra- above
33. tachy- rapid, fast
34. trans- through, across
35. ultra- beyond, excess
QUIZ 1C Answer Key
Number Prefix Meaning
1. bi- two
2. di- two
3. hemi- half
4. mono- one
5. multi- many
6. nulli- none
7. poly- many
8. quad- four
9. semi- partial, half
10. tri- three
11. uni- one
QUIZ 1D Answer Key
Common Suffix Meaning
1. -algia pain
2. -cele hernia, protrusion
3. -cise cut
4. -dynia pain
5. -ectasis dilatation
6. -ectopia displacement
7. -gen that which produces
8. -genesis produces, generates
9. -genic producing
10. -ia state, condition
11. -iasis abnormal condition
12. -ism state of
13. -itis inflammation
14. -logist one who studies
15. -logy study of
16. -lysis destruction
17. -malacia abnormal softening
18. -megaly enlargement, large
19. -oma tumor, mass
20. -osis abnormal condition
21. -pathy disease
22. -plasia development, growth
23. -plasm formation, development
24. -ptosis drooping
25. -rrhage excessive, abnormal flow
26. -rrhea discharge, flow
27. -rrhexis rupture
28. -sclerosis hardening
29. -stenosis narrowing
30. -therapy treatment
31. -trophy nourishment, development
32. -uria condition of the urine
QUIZ 1E Answer Key
Surgical or Procedural
Suffix Meaning
1. -centesis puncture to withdraw fluid
2. -ectomy surgical removal
3. -gram record or picture
4. -graph instrument for recording
5. -graphy process of recording
6. -meter instrument for measuring
7. -metry process of measuring
8. -ostomy surgically create an opening
9. -otomy cutting into
10. -pexy surgical fixation
11. -plasty surgical repair
12. -rrhaphy suture
13. -scope instrument for viewing
14. -scopy process of visually examining
Part 2: Body Structure
Follow same format as Part 1:
Sections:
Combining Forms Relating to
Prefixes Relating to
Body System
Directional Term
Quiz
Combining Forms Relating to Body Structure
Combining Form
1. abdomin/o
2. adip/o
3. anter/o
4. caud/o
5. cephal/o
6. chondr/o
7. crani/o
8. cyt/o
9. dist/o
10. dors/o
11. epitheli/o
12. hist/o
13. infer/o
14. later/o
15. medi/o
16. muscul/o
17. neur/o
18. organ/o
19. oste/o
20. pelv/o
21. poster/o
22. proxim/o
23. somat/o
24. spin/o
25. super/o
26. system/o
27. thorac/o
28. ventr/o
29. viscer/o
Meaning
abdomen
fat
front
tail
head
cartilage
skull
cell
away from
back of body
epithelium
tissue
below
side
middle
muscle
nerve
organ
bone
pelvis
back
near to
body
spine
above
system
chest
belly
internal organ
Prefixes Relating to Body Structure
Prefix
1. epi2. inter3. intra4. peri5. post6. retro7. sub8. supra9. trans-
Meaning
above
between
within
around or about
behind or after
behind or backward
under or below
above
through or across
Body System
1. Integumentary
2. Musculoskeletal
3. Cardiovascular
4. Hematic system
5. Lymphatic
6. Respiratory
7. Digestive
8. Urinary
9. Female reproductive system
10. Male reproductive system
11. Endocrine
Organs in the System
a. skin
b. hair
c. nails
a. muscles
b. tendons
c. bones
d. joints
a. heart
b. arteries
c. veins
d. capillaries
a. plasma
b. red blood cells
c. white blood cells
a. thymus gland
b. spleen
c. lymph vessels
d. lymph nodes
a. nose
b. pharynx
c. larynx
d. trachea
e. bronchial tubes
f. lungs
a. mouth
b. salivary glands
c. pharynx
d. esophagus
e. stomach
f. small intestines
g. colon
h. liver
i. gallbladder
j. pancreas
a. kidneys
b. urinary bladder
c. ureters
d. urethra
a. ovaries
b. fallopian tubes
c. uterus
d. vagina
e. mammary glands
a. testes
b. vas deferens
c. urethra
d. prostate gland
e. penis
a. thyroid gland
b. pituitary gland
c. testes
d. ovaries
e. adrenal glands
f. pancreas
g. parathyroid glands
h. pineal gland
i. thymus gland
12. Nervous
13. Special senses
Directional Term
1. superior cephalic
2. inferior or caudal
3. anterior or ventral
4. posterior or dorsal
5. medial
6. lateral
7. apex
8. base
9. proximal
10. distal
11. superficial
12. deep
13. supine
14. prone
a. brain
b. spinal cord
c. nerves
a. eyes
b. ears
c. nose
d. tongue
e. skin
Definition
More toward the head, or above.
More toward the feet or tail, or below.
More toward the front or belly-side of the body.
More toward the back or spinal cord side of the
body.
Refers to the middle or near the middle of the
body or the structure.
Refers to the side.
Tip or summit of an organ.
Bottom or lower part of an organ.
Located closer to the point of attachment to the
body.
Located farther away from the point of
attachment to the body.
More toward the surface of the body.
Further away from the surface of the body.
The body lying horizontally and facing upward.
The body lying horizontally and facing
downward.
Quizes handled same way as in Part 1
QUIZ 2A
Directions: Define the combining forms in the spaces provided.
1. abdomin/o ________________________________________________________________________________
2. adip/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
3. anter/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
4. caud/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
5. cephal/o __________________________________________________________________________________
6. chondr/o _________________________________________________________________________________
7. crani/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
8. cyt/o _____________________________________________________________________________________
9. dist/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
10. dors/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
11. epitheli/o _________________________________________________________________________________
12. hist/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
13. infer/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
14. later/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
15. medi/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
16. muscul/o _________________________________________________________________________________
17. neur/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
18. organ/o __________________________________________________________________________________
19. oste/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
20. pelv/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
21. poster/o __________________________________________________________________________________
22. proxim/o _________________________________________________________________________________
23. somat/o __________________________________________________________________________________
24. spin/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
25. super/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
26. system/o _________________________________________________________________________________
27. thorac/o __________________________________________________________________________________
28. ventr/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
29. viscer/o __________________________________________________________________________________
30. epi- ______________________________________________________________________________________
31. inter-_____________________________________________________________________________________
32. intra- ____________________________________________________________________________________
33. peri- _____________________________________________________________________________________
34. post- _____________________________________________________________________________________
35. retro- ____________________________________________________________________________________
36. sub- _____________________________________________________________________________________
37. supra- ___________________________________________________________________________________
38. trans- ____________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 2B
Directions: Place the names of the organs that are included within each body system
in the spaces provided.
1. Integumentary
2. Musculoskeletal
3. Cardiovascular
4. Hematic system
5. Lymphatic
6. Respiratory
7. Digestive
8. Urinary
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________________
f. ___________________________________________________________
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________________
f. ___________________________________________________________
g. ___________________________________________________________
h. ___________________________________________________________
i. ___________________________________________________________
j. ___________________________________________________________
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
9. Female reproductive system a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________________
Male reproductive system
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________________
10. Endocrine
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________________
f. ___________________________________________________________
g. ___________________________________________________________
h. ___________________________________________________________
i. ___________________________________________________________
11. Nervous
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
12. Special senses
a. ___________________________________________________________
b. ___________________________________________________________
c. ___________________________________________________________
d. ___________________________________________________________
e. ___________________________________________________________
QUIZ 2C
Directions: Place the definition/description of the directional position in the space
next to the term.
1. superior or cephalic ________________________________________________________________________
2. inferior or caudal __________________________________________________________________________
3. anterior or ventral _________________________________________________________________________
4. posterior or dorsal _________________________________________________________________________
5. medial ___________________________________________________________________________________
6. lateral ___________________________________________________________________________________
7. apex _____________________________________________________________________________________
8. base _____________________________________________________________________________________
9. proximal _________________________________________________________________________________
10. distal ____________________________________________________________________________________
11. superficial ________________________________________________________________________________
12. deep _____________________________________________________________________________________
13. supine ___________________________________________________________________________________
14. prone ____________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 2A Answer Key
Combining Form Meaning
1. abdomin/o abdomen
2. adip/o fat
3. anter/o front
4. caud/o tail
5. cephal/o head
6. chondr/o cartilage
7. crani/o skull
8. cyt/o cell
9. dist/o away from
10. dors/o back of body
11. epitheli/o epithelium
12. hist/o tissue
13. infer/o below
14. later/o side
15. medi/o middle
16. muscul/o muscle
17. neur/o nerve
18. organ/o organ
19. oste/o bone
20. pelv/o pelvis
21. poster/o back
22. proxim/o near to
23. somat/o body
24. spin/o spine
25. super/o above
26. system/o system
27. thorac/o chest
28. ventr/o belly
29. viscer/o internal organ
30. epi- above
31. inter- between
32. intra- within
33. peri- around or about
34. post- behind or after
35. retro- behind or backward
36. sub- under or below
37. supra- above
38. trans- through or across
QUIZ 2B Answer Key
Body System Organs in the System
1. Integumentary
a. skin
b. hair
c. nails
2. Musculoskeletal
a. muscles
b. tendons
c. bones
d. joints
3. Cardiovascular
a. heart
b. arteries
c. veins
d. capillaries
4. Hematic system
a. plasma
b. red blood cells
c. white blood cells
5. Lymphatic
a. thymus gland
b. spleen
c. lymph vessels
d. lymph nodes
a. nose
b. pharynx
c. larynx
d. trachea
e. bronchial tubes
f. lungs
7. Digestive
a. mouth
b. salivary glands
c. pharynx
d. esophagus
e. stomach
f. small intestines
g. colon
h. liver
i. gallbladder
j. pancreas
8. Urinary
a. kidneys
b. urinary bladder
c. ureters
d. urethra
9. Female reproductive system a. ovaries
b. fallopian tubes
c. uterus
d. vagina
e. mammary glands
Male reproductive system
a. testes
b. vas deferens
c. urethra
d. prostate gland
e. penis
10. Endocrine
a. thyroid gland
b. pituitary gland
c. testes
d. ovaries
e. adrenal glands
f. pancreas
g. parathyroid glands
h. pineal gland
i. thymus gland
11. Nervous
a. brain
b. spinal cord
c. nerves
12. Special senses
a. eyes
b. ears
c. nose
d. tongue
e. skin
6. Respiratory
QUIZ 2C Answer Key
Directional Term Definition
1. superior or cephalic More toward the head, or above.
2. inferior or caudal
More toward the feet or tail, or below.
3. anterior or ventral
More toward the front or belly-side of the body.
4. posterior or dorsal
More toward the back or spinal cord side of the body.
5. medial
6. lateral
7. apex
8. base
9. proximal
10. distal
11. superficial
12. deep
13. supine
14. prone
Refers to the middle or near the middle of the body or the structure.
Refers to the side.
Tip or summit of an organ.
Bottom or lower part of an organ.
Located closer to the point of attachment to the body.
Located farther away from the point of attachment to the body.
More toward the surface of the body.
Further away from the surface of the body.
The body lying horizontally and facing upward.
The body lying horizontally and facing downward.
Part 3: Integumentary System
Follow same format as Part 1:
Sections:
Combining Forms Relating to
Suffixes Relating to
Skin Layers
Word Building Relating to
Vocabulary Relating to
Pathology Relating to
Diagnostic Procedures Relating to
Therapeutic Procedures Relating to
Pharmacology Relating to
Abbreviations Relating to
Quiz
Combining Forms Relating to the Integumentary System
Combining Form
1. adip/o
2. albin/o
3. bi/o
4. cry/o
5. cutane/o
6. cyan/o
7. derm/o
8. dermat/o
9. diaphor/o
10. hidr/o
11. ichthy/o
12. kerat/o
13. leuk/o
14. lip/o
15. melan/o
16. myc/o
17. necr/o
18. onych/o
19. pachy/o
20. pil/o
21. py/o
Meaning
fat
white
life
cold
skin
blue
skin
skin
profuse sweating
sweat
scaly, dry
hard, horny
white
fat
black
fungus
death
nail
thick
hair
pus
22. rhytid/o
23. scler/o
24. seb/o
25. trich/o
26. ungu/o
27. xanth/o
28. xer/o
wrinkle
hard
oil
hair
nail
yellow
dry
Suffixes Relating to the Integumentary System
Suffix
1. -derma
2. -opsy
3. -plakia
4. -tome
Meaning
skin
view of
a plate
instrument used to cut
Skin Layers
The three layers of the skin are:
1. Epidermis
• thin, outer membrane layer
• contains keratin, which acts as a barrier to infection
• contains melanin, which gives skin its color, and protects against
UV rays of sun to prevent skin cancer
2. Dermis or corium
• middle, fibrous connective tissue layer
• contains collagen to give skin strength
3. Subcutaneous (Subcu, Subq) layer
• innermost layer, containing fatty tissue
• acts as insulation for heat and cold
Word Building Relating to the Integumentary System
Combining
Form
cutane/o
derm/o
dermat/o
hidr/o
lip/o
melan/o
necr/o
onych/o
py/o
rhytid/o
seb/o
trich/o
Medical Term
subcutaneous
epidermal
hypodermic
ntradermal
dermatitis
dermatologist
dermatology
dermatopathy
dermatoplasty
dermatome
anhidrosis
hyperhidrosis
lipectomy
lipoma
melanoma
necrosis
onychectomy
onychomalacia
onychomycosis
onychophagia
pyogenic
rhytidectomy
rhytidoplasty
seborrhea
trichomycosis
Definition
pertaining to under the skin
pertaining to upon the skin
pertaining to under the skin
pertaining to within the skin
inflammation of the skin
specialist in skin
study of the skin
skin disease
surgical repair of the skin
instrument to cut the skin
abnormal condition of no sweat
abnormal condition of excessive sweat
excision of fat
fatty growth
black tumor
abnormal condition of death
excision of a nail
softening of nails
abnormal condition of nail fungus
nail eating (nail biting)
pus forming
excision of wrinkles
surgical repair of wrinkles
oily discharge
abnormal condition of hair fungus
ungu/o
ungual
pertaining to the nails
Suffix
-derma
Medical Term
erythroderma
ichthyoderma
leukoderma
pachyderma
scleroderma
xanthoderma
xeroderma
Definition
red skin
scaly and dry skin
white skin
thick skin
hard skin
yellow skin
dry skin
Vocabulary Relating to the Integumentary System
abrasion
abscess
albino
alopecia
cicatrix
comedo
contusion
cyanosis
cyst
decubitus ulcer
depigmentation
dermatologist
dermatology
(Derm, derm)
diaphoresis
ecchymosis
erythema
fissure
frostbite
hemangioma
hirsutism
hyperpigmentation
hyperemia
keloid
keratosis
macule
male pattern
baldness
nevus
A scraping away of the skin surface by friction.
A collection of pus in the skin.
A genetic condition in which the person is unable to
make melanin. Characterized by white hair and skin,
and red pupils due to the lack of pigment.
Absence or loss of hair, especially of the head.
Commonly called baldness.
A scar.
Collection of hardened sebum in hair follicle. Also
called a blackhead.
Injury caused by a blow to the body; causes swelling,
pain, and bruising. The skin is not broken.
Bluish tint to the skin caused by deoxygenated blood.
Fluid-filled sac under the skin.
Open sore caused by pressure over bony prominences
cutting off the blood flow to the overlying
skin. These can appear in bedridden patients who lie
in one position too long and can be difficult to heal.
Also called bedsore or pressure sore.
Loss of normal skin color or pigment.
Physician who specializes in the treatment of diseases
and conditions of the integumentary system.
Study of diseases and conditions of the
integumentary system.
Profuse sweating.
Skin discoloration caused by blood collecting under
the skin following blunt trauma to the skin. A bruise.
Redness or flushing of the skin.
Crack-like lesion or groove on the skin.
Freezing or the effect of freezing a part of the body.
Exposed areas such as ears, nose, cheeks, fingers,
and toes are generally affected.
Benign tumor of dilated blood vessels.
Excessive hair growth over the body.
Abnormal amount of pigmentation in the skin.
Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow.
Formation of a raised and thickened hypertrophic
scar after an injury or surgery.
Skin condition with an overgrowth and thickening
of the epidermis.
Flat, discolored area that is flush with the skin
surface.
An example would be a freckle or a birthmark.
Pattern of baldness most commonly seen in men.
Begins as a receding hair line and progresses to full
baldness on top of the head and a fringe of hair
around the edges.
Pigmented congenital skin blemish, birthmark, or
mole.
Nodule
papule
pediculosis
petechiae
photosensitivity
polyp
pruritus
purpura
purulent
pustule
scabies
suppurative
ulcer
urticaria
verruca
vesicle
vitiligo
wheal
Usually benign but may become cancerous.
Firm, solid mass of cells in the skin.
Small, solid, circular raised spot on the surface of the
skin. Less than 1 cm in diameter.
Infestation with lice. The eggs laid by the lice are
called nits and cling tightly to hair.
Pinpoint purple or red spots from minute hemorrhages
under the skin.
Condition in which the skin reacts abnormally when
exposed to light, such as the ultraviolet (UV) rays of
the sun.
Small tumor with a pedicle or stem attachment. They
are commonly found in mucous membranes such as
the nasal cavity.
Severe itching.
Hemorrhages into the skin due to fragile blood vessels.
Commonly seen in elderly people.
Containing or producing pus.
Raised spot on the skin containing pus.
Contagious skin disease caused by an egg-laying mite
that burrows through the skin and causes redness
and intense itching; often seen in children.
Containing or producing pus.
Open sore or lesion in skin or mucous membrane.
Also called hives; a skin eruption of pale reddish
wheals with severe itching. Usually associated with
food allergy, stress, or drug reactions.
Commonly called warts; a benign growth caused by a
virus. Has a rough surface that is removed by chemicals
and/or laser therapy.
A blister; small, fluid-filled raised spot on the skin.
Disappearance of pigment from the skin in patches,
causing a milk-white appearance. Also called
leukoderma.
Small, round, raised area on the skin that may be
accompanied by itching.
Pathology Relating to the Integumentary System
acne
acne rosacea
acne vulgaris
basal cell
carcinoma (BCC)
burn
burn, 1st degree
burn, 2nd degree
Inflammatory disease of the sebaceous glands and
hair follicles that results in papules and pustules.
Form of acne seen in adults, especially on the nose
and cheeks.
Common form of acne seen in teenagers.
Characterized by comedo, papules, and pustules.
Cancerous tumor of the basal cell layer of the
epidermis. A frequent type of skin cancer that rarely
metastasizes or spreads. These cancers can arise on
sun-exposed skin.
Damage to the skin that can result from exposure to
open fire, electricity, ultraviolet light from the sun, or
caustic chemicals. Seriousness depends on the
amount of body surface involved and the depth of the
burn. Extent of a burn is estimated using the Rule of
Nines. Depth is determined by the number of layers
of skin involved.
Damage to the epidermis layer of the skin.
Characterized by hyperemia, but no blisters or scars.
Damage extends through the epidermis and into the
dermis, causing vesicles to form. Scarring may occur.
Also called partial thickness burn.
burn, 3rd degree
carbuncle
cellulitis
dry gangrene
eczema
furuncle
gangrene
ichthyosis
impetigo
Kaposi’s sarcoma
leukoplakia
malignant
melanoma (MM)
onychia
paronychia
pemphigus vulgaris
psoriasis
rubella
sebaceous cyst
shingles
squamous cell
carcinoma (SCC)
systemic lupus
erythematosus
(SLE)
tinea
tinea capitis
tinea pedis
varicella
wet gangrene
Damage to full thickness of skin and into underlying
tissues. Infection is a major concern with thirddegree
burns, and fluid loss can be life threatening.
Grafts are usually required and scarring will occur.
Also called full-thickness burn.
Furuncle involving several hair follicles.
A diffuse, acute infection and inflammation of the skin.
Late stages of gangrene characterized by the affected
area becoming black and leathery.
Superficial dermatitis of unknown cause accompanied
by papules, vesicles, and crusting.
Bacterial infection of a hair follicle. Characterized by
redness, pain, and swelling. Also called a boil.
Tissue necrosis usually due to deficient blood supply.
Condition in which the skin becomes dry, scaly, and
keratinized.
A bacterial infection of the skin with pustules that
rupture and become crusted over.
Form of skin cancer frequently seen in acquired immunodeficiency
Syndrome (AIDS) patients. Consists
of brownish-purple papules that spread from the
skin and metastasize to internal organs. Named for
Moritz Kaposi, an Austrian dermatologist.
Change in mucous membrane that results in thick,
white plate-like patches on the mucous membrane
of the tongue and cheek. Considered precancerous,
it is associated with smoking.
Dangerous form of skin cancer caused by an
uncontrolled growth of melanocytes. May quickly
metastasize or spread to internal organs.
Infected nail bed.
Infection around a nail.
Skin condition in which blisters form in the skin and
mucous membranes.
Chronic inflammatory condition consisting of crusty
papules forming patches with circular borders.
Contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called
German measles.
Sac under the skin filled with sebum or oil from a sebaceous
gland. This can grow to a large size and may
need to be excised.
Eruption of vesicles along a nerve path, causing a
rash and pain. Caused by the same virus as chicken
pox.
Epidermal cancer that may go into deeper tissue but
does not generally metastasize.
Chronic disease of the connective tissue that injures
the skin, joints, kidneys, nervous system, and
mucous membranes. May produce a characteristic
butterfly rash across the cheeks and nose.
Fungal skin disease resulting in itching, scaling lesions.
Fungal infection of the scalp. Commonly called
ringworm.
Fungal infection of the foot. Commonly called
athlete’s foot.
Contagious viral skin infection. Commonly called
chicken pox.
Area of gangrene becoming infected by pusproducing
bacteria.
Diagnostic Procedures Relating to the Integumentary System
biopsy (BX, bx)
culture and
sensitivity (C&S)
exfoliative cytology
frozen section (FS)
fungal scrapings
needle biopsy
skin tests (ST)
sweat test
A piece of tissue is removed by syringe and needle,
knife, punch, or brush to examine under a microscope.
Used to aid in diagnosis.
A laboratory test that grows a colony of bacteria
removed from an infected area in order to identify
the specific infecting bacteria and then determine its
sensitivity to a variety of antibiotics.
Scraping cells from tissue and then examining them
under a microscope.
A thin piece of tissue is cut from a frozen specimen
for rapid examination under a microscope.
Scrapings, taken with a curette or scraper, of tissue
from lesions are placed on a growth medium and
examined under a microscope to identify fungal
growth.
Using a sterile needle to remove tissue for examination
under a microscope.
Test to determine the patient’s reaction to a suspected
allergen by injecting a small amount under
the skin (intradermal) with a needle. The reaction of
the patient to this material is then read to indicate
any allergy. Examples of such tests are the tuberculin
(TB) test, Mantoux (PPD) test, patch test, and
Schick test.
Test performed on sweat to determine the level of
chloride. There is an increase in skin chloride in the
disease cystic fibrosis.
Therapeutic Procedures Relating to the Integumentary System
adipectomy
allograft
autograft
cauterization
chemabrasion
cryosurgery
curettage
debridement
dermabrasion
dermatome
dermatoplasty
electrocautery
heterograft
incision and
drainage (I&D)
laser therapy
liposuction
plication
rhytidectomy
Surgical removal of fat.
Skin graft from one person to another; donor is
usually a cadaver.
Skin graft from a person’s own body.
Destruction of tissue with a caustic chemical, electric
current, freezing, or hot iron.
Abrasion using chemicals. Also called a chemical peel.
Using extreme cold to freeze and destroy tissue.
Removal of superficial skin lesions with a curette
(surgical instrument shaped like a spoon) or scraper.
Removal of foreign material and dead or damaged
tissue from a wound.
Abrasion or rubbing using wire brushes or sandpaper.
Performed to remove acne scars, tattoos, and
scar tissue.
Instrument for cutting the skin or thin transplants of
skin.
Skin grafting; transplantation of skin.
To destroy tissue with an electric current.
Skin graft from an animal of another species
(usually a pig) to a human. Also called xenograft.
Making an incision to create an opening for the
drainage of material such as pus.
Removal of skin lesions and birthmarks using a laser
beam that emits intense heat and power at a close
range. The laser converts frequencies of light into
one small, powerful beam.
Removal of fat beneath the skin by means of
suction.
Taking tucks surgically in a structure to shorten it.
Surgical removal of excess skin to eliminate wrinkles.
Commonly referred to as a face lift.
skin graft (SG)
xenograft
The transfer of skin from a normal area to cover
another site. Used to treat burn victims and after
some surgical procedures.
Skin graft from an animal of another species
(usually a pig) to a human. Also called heterograft.
Pharmacology Relating to the Integumentary System
anesthetics
antibiotics
antifungals
anti-inflammatory drugs
antiparasitics
antipruritics
antiseptics
corticosteroid cream
Applied to the skin to deaden pain.
Kill bacteria causing skin infections.
Kill fungi infecting the skin.
Reduce skin inflammation or itching.
Kill mites or lice.
Reduce severe itching.
Used to kill bacteria in skin cuts and
wounds or at a surgical site.
Specific type of powerful antiinflammatory
cream.
Abbreviations Relating to the Integumentary System
1. BCC
basal cell carcinoma
2. BX, bx
biopsy
3. C&S
culture and sensitivity
4. decub
decubitus ulcer
5. Derm, derm
dermatology
6. FS
frozen section
7. I&D
incision and drainage
8. ID
intradermal
9. MM
malignant melanoma
10. SCC
squamous cell carcinoma
11. SG
skin graft
12. SLE
systemic lupus erythematosus
13. ST
skin test
14. STSG
split-thickness skin graft
15. subcu, SC, sc, subq
subcutaneous
16. ung
ointment
17. UV
ultraviolet
QUIZ 3A
Directions: Define the combining form or suffix in the space provided.
1. adip/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
2. albin/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
3. bi/o ______________________________________________________________________________________
4. cry/o _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. cutane/o__________________________________________________________________________________
6. cyan/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
7. derm/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
8. dermat/o _________________________________________________________________________________
9. diaphor/o_________________________________________________________________________________
10. hidr/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
11. ichthy/o __________________________________________________________________________________
12. kerat/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
13. leuk/o____________________________________________________________________________________
14. lip/o _____________________________________________________________________________________
15. melan/o __________________________________________________________________________________
16. myc/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
17. necr/o____________________________________________________________________________________
18. onych/o __________________________________________________________________________________
19. pachy/o __________________________________________________________________________________
20. pil/o _____________________________________________________________________________________
21. py/o _____________________________________________________________________________________
22. rhytid/o __________________________________________________________________________________
23. scler/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
24. seb/o _____________________________________________________________________________________
25. trich/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
26. ungu/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
27. xanth/o __________________________________________________________________________________
28. xer/o_____________________________________________________________________________________
29. -derma ___________________________________________________________________________________
30. -opsy_____________________________________________________________________________________
31. -plakia ___________________________________________________________________________________
32. -tome ____________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 3B
Directions: Build a medical term for each phrase below.
1. pertaining to under the skin ________________________________________________________________
2. pertaining to upon the skin _________________________________________________________________
3. pertaining to under the skin ________________________________________________________________
4. pertaining to within the skin ________________________________________________________________
5. inflammation of the skin ___________________________________________________________________
6. specialist in skin ___________________________________________________________________________
7. study of the skin ___________________________________________________________________________
8. skin disease _______________________________________________________________________________
9. surgical repair of the skin ___________________________________________________________________
10. instrument to cut the skin __________________________________________________________________
11. abnormal condition of no sweat _____________________________________________________________
12. abnormal condition of excessive sweat _______________________________________________________
13. excision of fat _____________________________________________________________________________
14. fatty growth ______________________________________________________________________________
15. black tumor _______________________________________________________________________________
16. abnormal condition of death ________________________________________________________________
17. excision of a nail __________________________________________________________________________
18. softening of nails __________________________________________________________________________
19. abnormal condition of nail fungus ___________________________________________________________
20. nail eating (nail biting) _____________________________________________________________________
21. pus forming _______________________________________________________________________________
22. excision of wrinkles ________________________________________________________________________
23. surgical repair of wrinkles __________________________________________________________________
24. oily discharge _____________________________________________________________________________
25. abnormal condition of hair fungus ___________________________________________________________
26. pertaining to the nails ______________________________________________________________________
27. red skin __________________________________________________________________________________
28. scaly and dry skin __________________________________________________________________________
29. white skin ________________________________________________________________________________
30. thick skin _________________________________________________________________________________
31. hard skin _________________________________________________________________________________
32. yellow skin _______________________________________________________________________________
33. dry skin __________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 3C
Directions: Write the medical term for which each abbreviation stands.
1. BCC _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. BX, bx ___________________________________________________________________________________
3. C&S _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. decub ____________________________________________________________________________________
5. Derm, derm _______________________________________________________________________________
6. FS _______________________________________________________________________________________
7. I&D ______________________________________________________________________________________
8. ID _______________________________________________________________________________________
9. MM _____________________________________________________________________________________
10. SCC______________________________________________________________________________________
11. SG _______________________________________________________________________________________
12. SLE ______________________________________________________________________________________
13. ST _______________________________________________________________________________________
14. STSG_____________________________________________________________________________________
15. subcu, SC, sc, subq_________________________________________________________________________
16. ung ______________________________________________________________________________________
17. UV_______________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 3A Answer Key
Combining Form or Suffix Meaning
1. adip/o
fat
2. albin/o
white
3. bi/o
life
4. cry/o
cold
5. cutane/o
skin
6. cyan/o
blue
7. derm/o
skin
8. dermat/o
skin
9. diaphor/o
profuse sweating
10. hidr/o
sweat
11. ichthy/o
scaly, dry
12. kerat/o
hard, horny
13. leuk/o
white
14. lip/o
fat
15. melan/o
black
16. myc/o
fungus
17. necr/o
death
18. onych/o
nail
19. pachy/o
thick
20. pil/o
hair
21. py/o
pus
22. rhytid/o
wrinkle
23. scler/o
hard
24. seb/o
oil
25. trich/o
hair
26. ungu/o
nail
27. xanth/o
yellow
28. xer/o
dry
29. -derma
skin
30. -opsy
view of
31. -plakia
a plate
32. –tome
instrument used to cut
QUIZ 3B Answer Key
Phrase
1. pertaining to under the skin
2. pertaining to upon the skin
3. pertaining to under the skin
4. pertaining to within the skin
5. inflammation of the skin
6. specialist in skin
7. study of the skin
8. skin disease
9. surgical repair of the skin
10. instrument to cut the skin
11. abnormal condition of no sweat
12. abnormal condition of excessive sweat
13. excision of fat
14. fatty growth
15. black tumor
16. abnormal condition of death
17. excision of a nail
18. softening of nails
19. abnormal condition of nail fungus
20. nail eating (nail biting)
21. pus forming
22. excision of wrinkles
23. surgical repair of wrinkles
24. oily discharge
25. abnormal condition of hair fungus
26. pertaining to the nails
27. red skin
28. scaly and dry skin
29. white skin
30. thick skin
31. hard skin
32. yellow skin
33. dry skin
QUIZ 3C Answer Key
Abbreviation
1. BCC
2. BX, bx
3. C&S
4. decub
5. Derm, derm
6. FS
7. I&D
8. ID
9. MM
10. SCC
11. SG
12. SLE
13. ST
14. STSG
15. subcu, SC, sc, subq
16. ung
17. UV
Medical Term
subcutaneous
epidermal
hypodermic
intradermal
dermatitis
dermatologist
dermatology
dermatopathy
dermatoplasty
dermatome
anhidrosis
hyperhidrosis
lipectomy
lipoma
melanoma
necrosis
onychectomy
onychomalacia
onychomycosis
onychophagia
pyogenic
rhytidectomy
rhytidoplasty
seborrhea
trichomycosis
ungual
erythroderma
ichthyoderma
leukoderma
pachyderma
scleroderma
xanthoderma
xeroderma
Meaning
basal cell carcinoma
biopsy
culture and sensitivity
decubitus ulcer
dermatology
frozen section
incision and drainage
intradermal
malignant melanoma
squamous cell carcinoma
skin graft
systemic lupus erythematosus
skin test
split-thickness skin graft
subcutaneous
ointment
ultraviolet
Part 4: Musculoskeletal System
Follow same format as Part 1:
Sections: Combining Forms Relating to
Word Building Relating to
Vocabulary Relating to
Pathology Relating to
Diagnostic Procedures Relating to
Therapeutic Procedures Relating to
Pharmacology Relating to
Muscle Actions
Abbreviations Relating to
Quiz
Combining Forms Relating to the Skeletal System
Combining Form
1. ankyl/o
2. arthr/o
3. articul/o
4. burs/o
5. carp/o
6. cervic/o
7. chondr/o
8. clavicul/o
9. coccyg/o
10. cost/o
11. crani/o
12. femor/o
13. fibul/o
14. humer/o
15. ili/o
16. ischi/o
17. kyph/o
18. lamin/o
19. lord/o
20. lumb/o
21. mandibul/o
22. maxill/o
23. metacarp/o
24. metatars/o
25. myel/o
26. orth/o
27. oste/o
28. patell/o
29. ped/o
30. pelv/o
31. phalang/o
32. pub/o
Meaning
stiff joint
joint
joint
sac
wrist
neck
cartilage
clavicle, collarbone
coccyx, tailbone
rib
skull, head
femur, thigh bone
fibula, smaller outer bone of lower leg
humerus, upper arm bone
ilium, part of hipbone
ischium, part of hipbone
hump
lamina, part of vertebra
swayback, curve
loin, lower back
mandible, jawbone
maxilla, upper jawbone
metacarpals, hand bones
metatarsals, foot bones
bone marrow
straight
bone
patella, knee cap
foot
pelvis
phalanges, bones of fingers and toes
pubis, part of hipbone
33. radi/o
34. sacr/o
35. scapul/o
36. scoli/o
37. spondyl/o
38. stern/o
39. synovi/o
40. tars/o
41. thorac/o
42. tibi/o
43. uln/o
44. vertebr/o
radius, lower arm bone
sacrum
scapula, shoulder blade
crooked, bent
vertebrae, backbone
sternum, breastbone
synovial membrane
ankle
chest
tibia, inner bone of lower leg
ulna, lower arm bone
vertebra, backbone
Suffixes Relating to the Skeletal System
1. -blast
2. -clasia
3. -desis
4. -listhesis
5. -malacia
6. -porosis
7. -scopy
8. -tome
immature, embryonic
to surgically break
stabilize, fuse
slipping
softening
porous
procedure to visually examine
instrument to cut
Combining Forms Relating to the Muscular System
Combining Form
1. fasci/o
2. fibr/o
3. leiomy/o
4. muscul/o
5. my/o
6. myocardi/o
7. myos/o
8. plant/o
9. rhabdomy/o
10. ten/o
11. tend/o
12. tendin/o
Meaning
fibrous band
fibers
smooth muscle
muscle
muscle
heart muscle
muscle
sole of foot
skeletal muscle
tendon
tendon
tendon
Suffixes Relating to the Muscular System
1. -asthenia
2. -kinesia
3. -trophy
weakness
movement
development, nourishment
Prefixes Relating to the Muscular System
1. ab2. ad3. circum-
away from
toward
around
Word Building Relating to the Skeletal System
Combining Form
arthr/o
Medical Term
arthralgia
arthrocentesis
arthroclasia
arthrodesis
Definition
joint pain
puncture to withdraw fluid from a
joint
surgically breaking a joint
fusion of a joint
arthritis
arthrotomy
arthroscopy
burs/o
chondr/o
crani/o
myel/o
oste/o
vertebr/o
bursectomy
bursitis
bursolith
chondrectomy
chondromalacia
chondroplasty
intracranial
craniotomy
myeloma
osteocarcinoma
osteochondroma
osteoclasia
osteomalacia
osteomyelitis
osteotomy
osteopathy
osteoporosis
osteotome
intervertebral
joint inflammation
incision into a joint
visual examination of the inside of a
joint
excision of a bursa
inflammation of a bursa
stone in a bursa
excision of cartilage
cartilage softening
surgical repair of cartilage
pertaining to inside the skull
incision into the skull
bone marrow tumor
cancerous bone tumor
bone and cartilage tumor
to surgically break a bone
bone softening
inflammation of bone and bone
marrow
incision into a bone
bone disease
abnormal condition of porous bones
instrument to cut bone
pertaining to between vertebrae
Word Building Relating to the Muscular System
Combining
Form
fasci/o
leiomy/o
my/o
myos/o
rhabdomy/o
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
Suffix
-kinesia
-trophy
Medical Term
fasciitis
fasciorrhaphy
fasciotomy
leiomyofibroma
leiomyoma
electromyogram (EMG)
myopathy
myoplasty
myorrhaphy
polymyositis
rhabdomyolysis
rhabdomyoma
tenodynia
tenomyopathy
tenorrhaphy
tendoplasty
tendotomy
tendinitis
tendinous
Definition
inflammation of fascia
suture fascia
incision into fascia
fibrous smooth muscle tumor
smooth muscle tumor
record of muscle electricity
muscle disease
surgical repair of muscle
suture a muscle
inflammation of many muscles
skeletal muscle destruction
skeletal muscle tumor
tendon pain
disease of tendons and muscle
suture a tendon
surgical repair of tendon
incision into tendon
inflammation of tendon
pertaining to tendons
Combined With Prefix
bradykinesia
dyskinesia
hyperkinesia
atrophy
dystrophy
hypertrophy
Medical Term
slow movement
difficult or painful movement
excessive movement
lack of development
difficult (poor) development
excessive development
Vocabulary Relating to the Skeletal System
callus
The mass of bone tissue that forms at a fracture site
during its healing.
crepitation
The noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing
together in conditions such as arthritis.
exostosis
A bone spur.
kyphosis
Abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the
thoracic spine. Also known as hunchback or humpback.
lordosis
Abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the
lumbar spine. Also known as swayback.
orthopedics
Branch of medicine specializing in the diagnosis and
treatment of conditions of the musculoskeletal system.
orthopedist
Physician who specializes in treatment of conditions of
the musculoskeletal system.
orthotics
A brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities.
orthotist
Person skilled in making and fitting orthotics.
podiatrist
Specialist in treating disorders of the feet.
prosthesis
Artificial device that is used as a substitute for a body part
that is either congenitally missing or is absent as a result
of accident or disease (for instance, an artificial
leg or hip).
prosthetist
Person who fabricates and fits prostheses.
Vocabulary Relating to the Muscular System
adhesion
contracture
spasm
torticollis
Scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a
muscle making it difficult to stretch the muscle.
An abnormal shortening of a muscle, making it
difficult to stretch the muscle.
A sudden, involuntary, strong muscle contraction.
Severe neck spasms pulling the head to one side.
Commonly called wryneck or a crick in the neck.
Pathology Relating to the Skeletal System
ankylosing spondylitis
bunion
carpal tunnel
closed fracture
Colles’ fracture
comminuted fracture
compound fracture
Dislocation
Ewing’s sarcoma
Inflammatory spinal condition that resembles
rheumatoid arthritis. Results in gradual stiffening
and fusion of the vertebrae. More common in
men than women.
Inflammation of the bursa of the great toe.
Pain caused by compression of the nerve as it
syndrome (CTS) passes between the bones and ligaments of the
wrist.
A fracture in which there is no open skin wound.
Also called a simple fracture.
A common type of wrist fracture.
Fracture in which the bone is shattered, splintered,
or crushed into many small pieces or fragments.
Fracture in which the skin has been broken
through to the fracture. Also called an open fracture.
Occurs when the bones in a joint are displaced
from their normal alignment.
Malignant growth found in the shaft of long
bones that spreads through the periosteum.
Named for James Ewing, an American
fracture (FX, Fx)
gout
greenstick fracture
herniated nucleus
pulposus (HNP)
impacted fracture
myeloma
oblique fracture
open fracture
osteoarthritis (OA)
osteogenic sarcoma
osteomalacia
osteoporosis
Paget’s disease
pathologic fracture
rheumatoid arthritis
rickets
scoliosis
simple fracture
spina bifida
spinal stenosis
spiral fracture
spondylolisthesis
spondylosis
strain
systemic lupus
pathologist.
A broken bone.
Inflammation of the joints caused by excessive
uric acid.
Fracture in which there is an incomplete break;
one side of bone is broken and the other side is
bent. This type of fracture is commonly found in
children due to their softer and more pliable bone
structure.
Herniation or protrusion of an intervertebral
disk; also called herniated disk. May require
surgery.
Fracture in which bone fragments are pushed into
each other.
Malignant tumor originating in the bone marrow.
Fracture at an angle to the bone.
Fracture in which the skin has been broken
through to the fracture. Also called a compound
fracture.
Arthritis resulting in degeneration of the bones
and joints, especially those bearing weight.
Results in bone rubbing against bone.
The most common type of bone cancer. Usually
begins in osteocytes found at the ends of long bones.
Softening of the bones caused by a deficiency of
calcium. It is thought that in children the cause is
insufficient sunlight and vitamin D.
Decrease in bone mass that results in a thinning
and weakening of the bone with resulting
fractures. The bone becomes more porous,
especially in the spine and pelvis.
A fairly common metabolic disease of the bone
from unknown causes. It usually attacks middleaged
and elderly people and is characterized by
bone destruction and deformity. Named for Sir
James Paget, a British surgeon.
Fracture caused by diseased or weakened bone.
Chronic form of arthritis with inflammation of
(RA) the joints, swelling, stiffness, pain, and changes
in the cartilage that can result in crippling
deformities.
Deficiency in calcium and vitamin D found in
early childhood that results in bone deformities,
especially bowed legs.
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
A fracture in which there is no open skin wound.
Also called a closed fracture.
A congenital anomaly that occurs when a
vertebra fails to fully form around the spinal cord.
Narrowing of the spinal canal causing pressure on
the cord and nerves.
Fracture in which the fracture line spirals around
the shaft of the bone. Can be caused by a twisting
injury and is often slower to heal than other types
of fractures.
The forward sliding of a lumbar vertebra over the
vertebra below it.
A degenerative condition of the vertebral column.
Damage to the ligaments surrounding a joint due
to overstretching, but no dislocation of the joint.
Chronic inflammatory disease of connective tissue
erythematosus (SLE)
talipes
transverse fracture
whiplash
that causes injury to the joints, skin, kidneys,
heart, lungs, and nervous system. A characteristic
butterfly rash or erythema may be present.
Congenital deformity of the foot. Also referred to
as a clubfoot.
Complete fracture that is straight across the bone
at right angles to the long axis of the bone.
Injury to the bones in the cervical spine as a
result of a sudden movement forward and
backward of the head and neck. Can occur as a
result of a rear-end auto collision.
Pathology Relating to the Muscular System
fibromyalgia
ganglion
lateral epicondylitis
muscular dystrophy
(MD)
pseudohypertrophic
muscular dystrophy
sprain
A condition with widespread aching and pain in
the muscles and soft tissue.
Cyst that forms on tendon sheath, usually on
hand, wrist, or ankle.
Inflammation of the muscle attachment to the
lateral epicondyle of the elbow. Often caused by
strongly gripping. Commonly called tennis elbow.
Inherited disease causing a progressive muscle
degeneration, weakness, and atrophy.
One type of inherited muscular dystrophy in
which the muscle tissue is gradually replaced by
fatty tissue, making the muscle look strong. Also
called Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy.
Damage to the muscle and soft tissue due to
overuse or overstretching.
Diagnostic Procedures Relating to the Skeletal System
arthrography
arthroscopy
bone scan
myelography
photon absorptiometry
Visualization of a joint by radiographic study after
injection of a contrast medium into the joint
space.
Examination of the interior of a joint by entering
the joint with an arthroscope. Torn ligaments can
be repaired while the patient is undergoing
arthroscopy. The arthroscope contains a small
television camera that allows the physician to
view the interior of the joint on a monitor during
the procedure.
Patient is given a radioactive dye and then
scanning equipment is used to visualize bones. It
is especially useful in observing progress of
treatment for osteomyelitis and cancer metastases
to the bone.
Study of the spinal column after injecting opaque
contrast material; particularly useful in
identifying herniated nucleus pulposus.
Measurement of bone density using an instrument
for the purpose of detecting osteoporosis.
Diagnostic Procedures Relating to the Muscular System
creatine
phosphokinase (CPK)
A muscle enzyme found in skeletal muscle and
cardiac muscle. Blood levels become elevated in
disorders such as heart attack, muscular
dystrophy, and other skeletal muscle pathologies.
deep tendon reflexes
electromyography
muscle biopsy
Muscle contraction in response to a stretch
caused by striking the muscle tendon with a
reflex hammer. Test used to determine if muscles
are responding properly.
Study and record of the strength and quality of
muscle contractions as a result of electrical
stimulation.
Removal of muscle tissue for pathological
examination.
Therapeutic Procedures Relating to the Skeletal System
amputation
arthroscopic surgery
bone graft
bunionectomy
carpal tunnel release
cast
diskectomy
laminectomy
reduction
spinal fusion
total hip
(THR)
total knee
replacement (TKR)
Partial or complete removal of a limb for a variety
of reasons, including tumors, gangrene, intractable
pain, crushing injury, or uncontrollable infection.
Use of an arthroscope to facilitate performing
surgery on a joint.
Piece of bone taken from the patient that is used
to take the place of a removed bone or a bony
defect at another site.
Removal of the bursa at the joint of the great toe.
Surgical cutting of the ligament in the wrist to
relieve nerve pressure caused by carpal tunnel
disease, which can result from repetitive motion
such as typing.
Application of a solid material to immobilize an
extremity or portion of the body as a result of a
fracture, dislocation, or severe injury. It is most
often made of plaster of Paris.
Removal of a herniated intervertebral disk.
Removal of the vertebral posterior arch to correct
severe back problems and pain caused by
compression of a spinal nerve.
Correcting a fracture by realigning the bone fragments.
Closed reduction is doing this manipulation
without entering the body. Open reduction is the
surgical incision at the site of the fracture to do the
reduction. This is commonly necessary where
there are bony fragments to remove.
Surgical immobilization of adjacent vertebrae.
This may be done for several reasons, including
correction for a herniated disk.
replacement Surgical reconstruction of a hip by implanting a
prosthetic or artificial hip joint. Also called total
hip arthroplasty (THA).
Surgical reconstruction of a knee joint by
implanting a prosthetic knee joint. Also called
total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Pharmacology Relating to the Skeletal System
Bone reabsorption
Conditions that result in weak and fragile
inhibitors
Calcium supplements
and Vitamin D therapy
Corticosteroids A
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs
(NSAIDs)
bones, such as osteoporosis and Paget’s
disease, are improved by medications that
reduce the reabsorption of bones.
Maintaining high blood levels of calcium in
association with vitamin D helps maintain
bone density and treats osteomalacia,
osteoporosis, and rickets.
hormone produced by the adrenal cortex
that has very strong anti-inflammatory
properties. It is particularly useful in treating
rheumatoid arthritis.
A large group of drugs including aspirin and
ibuprofen that provide mild pain relief and
anti-inflammatory benefits for conditions such
as arthritis.
Pharmacology Relating to the Muscular System
Muscle relaxants
Medication to relax skeletal muscles in order to
reduce muscle spasms. Also called
antispasmodics.
Muscle Actions
Abduction: Movement away from midline of the body.
Adduction: Movement toward midline of the body.
Flexion: Act of bending or being bent.
Extension: Movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition.
Dorsiflexion: Backward bending, as of hand or foot.
Plantar flexion: Bending sole of foot; pointing toes downward.
Eversion: Turning outward.
Inversion: Turning inward.
Pronation: To turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot.
Supination: Turning the palm or foot upward.
Elevation: To raise a body part, as in shrug the shoulders.
Depression: A downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders.
Abbreviations Relating to the Skeletal System
1. AE
2. AK
3. BDT
4. BE
5. BK
6. C1, C2, etc.
7. CDH
8. CTS
9. DJD
10. FX, Fx
11. HNP
12. JRA
13. L1, L2, etc.
14. LAT, lat
15. LE
16. LLE
17. LUE
18. NSAID
19. OA
20. ORIF
21. Orth, ortho
22. RA
above elbow
above knee
bone density testing
below elbow
below knee
first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, etc.
congenital dislocation of the hip
carpal tunnel syndrome
degenerative joint disease
fracture
herniated nucleus pulposus
juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, etc.
lateral
lower extremity
left lower extremity
left upper extremity
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug
osteoarthritis
open reduction–internal fixation
orthopedics
rheumatoid arthritis
23. RLE
right lower extremity
QUIZ
QUIZ 4A
Directions: Define the combining forms in the spaces provided.
1. ankyl/o___________________________________________________________________________________
2. arthr/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
3. articul/o __________________________________________________________________________________
4. burs/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
5. carp/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
6. cervic/o __________________________________________________________________________________
7. chondr/o _________________________________________________________________________________
8. clavicul/o _________________________________________________________________________________
9. coccyg/o __________________________________________________________________________________
10. cost/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
11. crani/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
12. femor/o __________________________________________________________________________________
13. fibul/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
14. humer/o _________________________________________________________________________________
15. ili/o ______________________________________________________________________________________
16. ischi/o____________________________________________________________________________________
17. kyph/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
18. lamin/o __________________________________________________________________________________
19. lord/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
20. lumb/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
21. mandibul/o _______________________________________________________________________________
22. maxill/o __________________________________________________________________________________
23. metacarp/o _______________________________________________________________________________
24. metatars/o ________________________________________________________________________________
25. myel/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
26. orth/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
27. oste/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
28. patell/o___________________________________________________________________________________
29. ped/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
30. pelv/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
31. phalang/o ________________________________________________________________________________
32. pub/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
33. radi/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
34. sacr/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
35. scapul/o __________________________________________________________________________________
36. scoli/o____________________________________________________________________________________
37. spondyl/o _________________________________________________________________________________
38. stern/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
39. synovi/o __________________________________________________________________________________
40. tars/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
41. thorac/o __________________________________________________________________________________
42. tibi/o _____________________________________________________________________________________
43. uln/o_____________________________________________________________________________________
44. vertebr/o _________________________________________________________________________________
45. -blast ____________________________________________________________________________________
46. -clasia ____________________________________________________________________________________
47. -desis ____________________________________________________________________________________
48. -listhesis __________________________________________________________________________________
49. -malacia __________________________________________________________________________________
50. -porosis __________________________________________________________________________________
51. -scopy ____________________________________________________________________________________
52. -tome ____________________________________________________________________________________
53. fasci/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
54. fibr/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
55. leiomy/o _________________________________________________________________________________
56. muscul/o _________________________________________________________________________________
57. my/o _____________________________________________________________________________________
58. myocardi/o _______________________________________________________________________________
59. myos/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
60. plant/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
61. rhabdomy/o ______________________________________________________________________________
62. ten/o ____________________________________________________________________________________
63. tend/o ___________________________________________________________________________________
64. tendin/o __________________________________________________________________________________
65. -asthenia _________________________________________________________________________________
66. -kinesia __________________________________________________________________________________
67. -trophy ___________________________________________________________________________________
68. ab- ______________________________________________________________________________________
69. ad- ______________________________________________________________________________________
70. circum- __________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 4B
Directions: Describe each muscle action.
1. abduction ________________________________________________________________________________
2. adduction ________________________________________________________________________________
3. circumduction ____________________________________________________________________________
4. depression _______________________________________________________________________________
5. dorsiflexion ______________________________________________________________________________
6. elevation _________________________________________________________________________________
7. eversion _________________________________________________________________________________
8. extension ________________________________________________________________________________
9. flexion ___________________________________________________________________________________
10. inversion _________________________________________________________________________________
11. opposition ________________________________________________________________________________
12. plantar flexion ____________________________________________________________________________
13. pronation ________________________________________________________________________________
14. rotation __________________________________________________________________________________
15. supination ________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 4C
Directions: Build a single medical term for each phrase below.
1. joint pain _________________________________________________________________________________
2. puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint ______________________________________________________
3. surgically breaking a joint __________________________________________________________________
4. fusion of a joint ___________________________________________________________________________
5. joint inflammation ________________________________________________________________________
6. incision into a joint ________________________________________________________________________
7. visual examination of the inside of a joint ____________________________________________________
8. excision of a bursa _________________________________________________________________________
9. inflammation of a bursa ____________________________________________________________________
10. stone in a bursa ___________________________________________________________________________
11. excision of cartilage ________________________________________________________________________
12. cartilage softening _________________________________________________________________________
13. surgical repair of cartilage __________________________________________________________________
14. pertaining to inside the skull ________________________________________________________________
15. incision into the skull ______________________________________________________________________
16. bone marrow tumor _______________________________________________________________________
17. cancerous bone tumor______________________________________________________________________
18. bone and cartilage tumor ___________________________________________________________________
19. to surgically break a bone __________________________________________________________________
20. bone softening ____________________________________________________________________________
21. inflammation of bone and bone marrow______________________________________________________
22. incision into a bone ________________________________________________________________________
23. bone disease ______________________________________________________________________________
24. abnormal condition of porous bones _________________________________________________________
25. instrument to cut bone _____________________________________________________________________
26. pertaining to between vertebrae _____________________________________________________________
27. inflammation of fascia______________________________________________________________________
28. suture fascia ______________________________________________________________________________
29. incision into fascia _________________________________________________________________________
30. smooth muscle tumor ______________________________________________________________________
31. fibrous smooth muscle tumor _______________________________________________________________
32. record of muscle electricity _________________________________________________________________
33. muscle disease ____________________________________________________________________________
34. surgical repair of muscle ____________________________________________________________________
35. suture a muscle ___________________________________________________________________________
36. inflammation of many muscles ______________________________________________________________
37. skeletal muscle tumor ______________________________________________________________________
38. skeletal muscle destruction _________________________________________________________________
39. inflammation of tendon ____________________________________________________________________
40. pertaining to tendons ______________________________________________________________________
41. incision into tendon _______________________________________________________________________
42. surgical repair of tendon____________________________________________________________________
43. tendon pain_______________________________________________________________________________
44. disease of tendons and muscle_______________________________________________________________
45. suture a tendon ___________________________________________________________________________
46. slow movement ___________________________________________________________________________
47. difficult or painful movement _______________________________________________________________
48. excessive movement _______________________________________________________________________
49. lack of development _______________________________________________________________________
50. difficult (poor) development ________________________________________________________________
51. excessive development _____________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 4D
Directions: Write the medical term for which each abbreviation stands.
1. AE _______________________________________________________________________________________
2. AK ______________________________________________________________________________________
3. BDT______________________________________________________________________________________
4. BE _______________________________________________________________________________________
5. BK_______________________________________________________________________________________
6. C1, C2, etc. _______________________________________________________________________________
7. CDH _____________________________________________________________________________________
8. CTS ______________________________________________________________________________________
9. DJD______________________________________________________________________________________
10. FX, Fx____________________________________________________________________________________
11. HNP______________________________________________________________________________________
12. JRA ______________________________________________________________________________________
13. L1, L2, etc.________________________________________________________________________________
14. LAT, lat ___________________________________________________________________________________
15. LE _______________________________________________________________________________________
16. LLE ______________________________________________________________________________________
17. LUE______________________________________________________________________________________
18. NSAID ___________________________________________________________________________________
19. OA ______________________________________________________________________________________
20. ORIF _____________________________________________________________________________________
21. Orth, ortho _______________________________________________________________________________
22. RA ______________________________________________________________________________________
23. RLE ______________________________________________________________________________________
24. RUE _____________________________________________________________________________________
25. SLE ______________________________________________________________________________________
26. T1, T2, etc. _______________________________________________________________________________
27. THA _____________________________________________________________________________________
28. THR _____________________________________________________________________________________
29. TKA _____________________________________________________________________________________
30. TKR _____________________________________________________________________________________
31. TMJ _____________________________________________________________________________________
32. TX, Tx ___________________________________________________________________________________
33. UE ______________________________________________________________________________________
34. CPK _____________________________________________________________________________________
35. DTR _____________________________________________________________________________________
36. EMG _____________________________________________________________________________________
37. IM _______________________________________________________________________________________
38. MD ______________________________________________________________________________________
39. ROM_____________________________________________________________________________________
QUIZ 4A Answer Key
Combining Form or Suffix Meaning
1. ankyl/o stiff joint
2. arthr/o joint
3. articul/o joint
4. burs/o sac
5. carp/o wrist
6. cervic/o neck
7. chondr/o cartilage
8. clavicul/o clavicle, collarbone
9. coccyg/o coccyx, tailbone
10. cost/o rib
11. crani/o head, skull
12. femor/o femur, thigh bone
13. fibul/o fibula, smaller outer bone of lower leg
14. humer/o humerus, upper arm bone
15. ili/o ilium, part of hipbone
16. ischi/o ischium, part of hipbone
17. kyph/o hump
18. lamin/o lamina, part of vertebra
19. lord/o swayback, curve
20. lumb/o loin, lower back
21. mandibul/o mandible, jawbone
22. maxill/o maxilla, upper jawbone
23. metacarp/o metacarpals, hand bones
24. metatars/o metatarsals, foot bones
25. myel/o bone marrow
26. orth/o straight
27. oste/o bone
28. patell/o patella, knee cap
29. ped/o foot
30. pelv/o pelvis
31. phalang/o phalanges, bones of fingers and toes
32. pub/o pubis, part of hipbone
33. radi/o radius, lower arm bone
34. sacr/o sacrum
35. scapul/o scapula, shoulder blade
36. scoli/o crooked, bent
37. spondyl/o vertebrae, backbone
38. stern/o sternum, breastbone
39. synovi/o synovial membrane
40. tars/o ankle
41. thorac/o chest
42. tibi/o tibia, inner bone of lower leg
43. uln/o ulna, lower arm bone
44. vertebr/o vertebra, backbone
45. -blast immature, embryonic
46. -clasia to surgically break
47. -desis stabilize, fuse
48. -listhesis slipping
49. -malacia softening
50. -porosis porous
51. -scopy procedure to visually examine
52. -tome instrument to cut
53. fasci/o fibrous band
54. fibr/o fibers
55. leiomy/o smooth muscle
56. muscul/o muscle
57. my/o muscle
58. myocardi/o heart muscle
59. myos/o muscle
60. plant/o sole of foot
61. rhabdomy/o skeletal muscle
62. ten/o tendon
63. tend/o tendon
64. tendin/o tendon
65. -asthenia weakness
66. -kinesia movement
67. -trophy development, nourishment
68. ab- away from
69. ad- toward
70. circum- around
QUIZ 4B Answer Key
Muscle Movement Meaning
1. abduction Movement away from midline of the body.
2. adduction Movement toward midline of the body.
3. circumduction Movement in a circular direction from a central point.
4. depression A downward movement, as in dropping the shoulders.
5. dorsiflexion Backward bending, as of hand or foot.
6. elevation To raise a body part, as in shrug the shoulders.
7. eversion Turning outward.
8. extension Movement that brings limb into or toward a straight condition.
9. flexion Act of bending or being bent.
10. inversion Turning inward.
11. opposition Move thumb away from palm; the ability to move the thumb into contact
with the other fingers.
12. plantar flexion Bending sole of foot; pointing toes downward.
13. pronation To turn downward or backward as with the hand or foot.
14. rotation Moving around a central axis.
15. supination Turning the palm or foot upward.
QUIZ 4C Answer Key
Phrase Term
1. joint pain arthralgia
2. puncture to withdraw fluid from a joint arthrocentesis
3. surgically breaking a joint arthroclasia
4. fusion of a joint arthrodesis
5. joint inflammation arthritis
6. incision into a joint arthrotomy
7. visual examination of the inside of a joint arthroscopy
8. excision of a bursa bursectomy
9. inflammation of a bursa bursitis
10. stone in a bursa bursolith
11. excision of cartilage chondrectomy
12. cartilage softening chondromalacia
13. surgical repair of cartilage chondroplasty
14. pertaining to inside the skull intracranial
15. incision into the skull craniotomy
16. bone marrow tumor myeloma
17. cancerous bone tumor osteocarcinoma
18. bone and cartilage tumor osteochondroma
19. to surgically break a bone osteoclasia
20. bone softening osteomalacia
21. inflammation of bone and bone marrow osteomyelitis
22. incision into a bone osteotomy
23. bone disease osteopathy
24. abnormal condition of porous bones osteoporosis
25. instrument to cut bone osteotome
26. pertaining to between vertebrae intervertebral
27. inflammation of fascia fasciitis
28. suture fascia fasciorrhaphy
29. incision into fascia fasciotomy
30. smooth muscle tumor leiomyoma
31. fibrous smooth muscle tumor leiomyofibroma
32. record of muscle electricity electromyogram (EMG)
33. muscle disease myopathy
34. surgical repair of muscle myoplasty
35. suture a muscle myorrhaphy
36. inflammation of many muscles polymyositis
37. skeletal muscle tumor rhabdomyoma
38. skeletal muscle destruction rhabdomyolysis
39. inflammation of tendon tendinitis
40. pertaining to tendons tendinous
41. incision into tendon tendotomy
42. surgical repair of tendon tendoplasty
43. tendon pain tenodynia
44. disease of tendons and muscle tenomyopathy
45. suture a tendon tenorrhaphy
46. slow movement bradykinesia
47. difficult or painful movement dyskinesia
48. excessive movement hyperkinesia
49. lack of development atrophy
50. difficult (poor) development dystrophy
51. excessive development hypertrophy
QUIZ 4D Answer Key
Abbreviation Meaning
1. AE above elbow
2. AK above knee
3. BDT bone density testing
4. BE below elbow
5. BK below knee
6. C1, C2, etc. first cervical vertebra, second cervical vertebra, etc.
7. CDH congenital dislocation of the hip
8. CTS carpal tunnel syndrome
9. DJD degenerative joint disease
10. FX, Fx fracture
11. HNP herniated nucleus pulposus
12. JRA juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
13. L1, L2, etc. first lumbar vertebra, second lumbar vertebra, etc.
14. LAT, lat lateral
15. LE lower extremity
16. LLE left lower extremity
17. LUE left upper extremity
18. NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
19. OA osteoarthritis
20. ORIF open reduction–internal fixation
21. Orth, ortho orthopedics
22. RA rheumatoid arthritis
23. RLE right lower extremity
24. RUE right upper extremity
25. SLE systemic lupus erythematosus
26. T1, T2, etc. first thoracic vertebra, second thoracic vertebra, etc.
27. THA total hip arthroplasty
28. THR total hip replacement
29. TKA total knee arthroplasty
30. TKR total knee replacement
31. TMJ temporomandibular joint
32. TX, Tx traction, treatment
33. UE upper extremity
34. CPK creatine phosphokinase
35. DTR deep tendon reflex
36. EMG electromyogram
37. IM intramuscular
38. MD muscular dystrophy
39. ROM range of motion