Computer Based Information
System
Rita Mallik
Railway Information
System
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Freight Operations Information System
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Passenger Reservation Systems (PRS)
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Unreserved Ticketing System (UTS)
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Coach Maintannce System
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E-Procurement System
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Parcel Magmt System
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Railway Wagons Identification(RFID)
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Track Management system
IS for Indian Army
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Geo Information System
Army Strategic Operational Information
Dissemination System(ASTROIDS)
Command Information and Decision
Support System (CIDSS)
Battlefield Support System (BSS)
Artillery Combat Command and Control
System (ACCCS)
Air Defence Control and Reporting
System (ADC&RS)
LIC Information System
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Front-End Operation System
INTERACTIVE VOICE RESPONSE
SYSTEMS (IVRS)
Electronic Bill Presentment & Payment
(EBPP)
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Vi E-Trans service covers about 6,500
dedicated vehicles and nearly 20,000
other vehicles engaged in undertaking
single trip.
VI eTrans Pvt Ltd, a logistics service
intermediary and a joint venture between
Bharat Petroleum Corporation, Venture
Infotek and Winex Trans.
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Winex Trans- Logistics &
Transportation
Bharat Petrolium-4500 terminals
Venture Infotech- Business Cards
Learning Objectives
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Information System concepts
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Define Information System types
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Functional Information System
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Information Infrastructure and
different types of information
Architectures
Information system applications
Information System
Concepts
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Information System is one that collects,
processes,stores, analyzes and
dissiminates data and informtaion for a
specific purpose.
Difference in Information Needs
• Top managers need
information for planning,
setting objectives, and making
major strategic decisions.
• Middle managers need
information that helps them
allocate resources and
oversee the activities under
their control.
• First-line managers require
information that helps them
supervise employees,
oversee daily operations, and
coordinate activities.
Classification of
Information System
Types of Information Systems
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Operations Support Systems
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Transaction processing systems
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Batch – transaction data accumulate over time,
processed periodically.
Real-time – data processed immediately after a
transaction occurs.
Process Control Systems – monitor & control
physical processes.
Enterprise Collaboration Systems
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
•Transaction processing systems are designed to process specific types of data
input from ongoing transactions. TPSs can be manual, as when data is typed into a
form on a screen, or automated by using scanners or sensors to capture data.
• Organizational data is processed by a TPS—sales orders, payroll, accounting,
financial, marketing, purchasing, inventory control, and so on.
•Transactions are either:
• Internal transactions: Transactions that originate from within the organization
or that occur within the organization. Examples are payroll, purchases, budget
transfers, and payments (in accounting terms, they’re referred to as accounts
payable).
• External transactions: Transactions that originate from outside the
organization, for example, from customers, suppliers, regulators, distributors,
and financing institutions
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Transaction Processing
System
Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)
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Management Information System (MIS)
• The functional areas or departments— accounting, finance, production /
operations, marketing and sales, human resource, and engineering and design—
are supported by ISs designed for their particular reporting needs. Generalpurpose reporting systems are referred to as management information systems
(MIS). Their objective is to provide reports to managers for tracking operations,
monitoring, and control.
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Management Information System (MIS)
• Typically, a functional system provides reports about such topics as operational
efficiency, effectiveness, and productivity by extracting information from
databases and processing it according to the needs of the user. Types of reports
are the following:
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Decision Support Systems (DSS)
• Decision support systems (DSS) are interactive applications that support decision
making. Configurations of a DSS range from relatively simple applications that
support a single user to complex enterprise-wide systems.
• A DSS can support the analysis and solution of a specific problem, evaluate a
strategic opportunity, or support ongoing operations. These systems support
unstructured and semi structured decisions, such as whether to make or buy products
and what new products to develop and introduce into existing markets.
• Decisions range from structured to unstructured
- Structured decisions are those that have a well-defined method for solving and the data
needed to reach a decision.
- An example of a structured decision is determining whether an applicant qualifies for
an auto loan or whether to extend credit to a new customer— and the terms of those
financing options.
- Unstructured decisions that depend on human intelligence, knowledge, and/or
experience—as well as data and models to solve.
- Examples include deciding which new products to develop or which new markets to
enter.
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DSS
DSS ...
DSS Analysis:
What-if Analysis
- Goal Seeking Analysis
-Sensitivity analysis
- Optimization Analysis
DSS Application:
Planners Lab (plannerslab.com)
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EIS
-EIS provide extensive online analysis tools
including trend analysis,
exception reporting &
"drill-down" capability .
-Access a broad range of
internal and external data
-are particularly easy to use
(typically mouse or
touchscreen driven)
-are used directly by
executives without
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assistance present
EIS Facts....
-Many senior managers find that direct on-line access
to organizational data is helpful.
-Paul Frech, president of Lockheed-Georgia, monitors
employee contributions to company-sponsored
programs (United Way, blood drives) as a surrogate
measure of employee morale (Houdeshel and Watson
1987).
-C. Robert Kidder, CEO of Duracell, found that
productivity problems were due to salespeople in
Germany wasting time calling on small stores and took
corrective action (Main 1989).
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Types of Information Systems
(continued)
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Other Classifications
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Expert systems – expert advice
Knowledge management systems – support the
creation, organization, & dissemination of
business knowledge
Functional business systems – support the basic
business functions
Strategic information systems – strategic
advantage
Strategic Information System
Alber Einstein once said
“The significan problem we face canont be
solved at the same level of thinking we
were at when we created them”
Strategic systems are information systems
that are developed in response to
corporate business initiative. They are
intended to give competitive advantage to
Strategies.....
Porter's five force model
Managerial challenges of information
technology
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Information systems can be mismanaged and
misapplied so that they create both
technological and business failure.
Top Five Reasons for Success
Top Five Reasons for Failure
User involvement
Lack of user input
Executive management support
Proper planning
Incomplete requirements and
specifications
Changing requirements and
specifications
Lack of executive support
Realistic expectations
Technological incompetence
Clear statement of requirements