Term
Definition
Alexander Graham Bell Inventor of the telephone
American Federation of Focused on the promotion
of skilled labor workers,
Labor
wages, working hours,
and working conditions.
Andrew Carnegie
Founder of a steel
company.
Picture
Impact
Revolutionized
communication
Imposed on companies to
have “closed shops,”
meaning that they would
only hire union members,
promoted an 8hr work
day, and to recognize
unions.
Business fueled the
Industrial Revolution.
Produced steel by using
the Bessemer Process to
create it quickly and
cheaply. Employed
Vertical Integration.
Bessemer
An industrial process for
making steel using a
Bessemer converter to
blast air through molten
iron and thus burning the
excess carbon and
impurities
Created a faster and
cheaper way to produce
steel
Chinese Exclusion Act
Law prohibiting
immigration of Chinese
laborers for 10 years and
preventing Chinese
already in the country
from becoming citizens.
Denied the rights of the
Chinese to come to the
United States and limited
their influence on the
Industrial Revolution
Christopher Sholes
Invented the typewriter in
1868.
One of the inventions that
speeded up the pace of
business organization
Edwin Drake
Successfully used a steam
engine to drill for oil near
Titusville, PA. Started an
oil boom across Kentucky,
Ohio, Illinois, Indiana,
and Texas
Drilled the first oil well in
1859 near Titusville in
northwest Pennsylvania
which started the black
gold fever.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton Fought to end woman’s
suffrage
The first president of the
National American
Woman Suffrage
Association that helped
organize the suffrage
movement into a powerful
political force at the state
and national levels.
Invented the traffic light
and a version of the gas
mask
Created the traffic signals
that we still use today.
Garret Morgan
Gentleman’s
Agreement
A limit on Japanese
immigration if the school
board would rescind its
segregation order in San
Francisco
George Washington
Carver
Attacked Booker T.
Washington because
Washington condemned
the black race to manual
labor and perpetual
inferiority. Also created
the NAACP
Great Migration
The mass movement of
African Americans from
the rural south to the cities
in the North and Midwest.
The segregation order in
San Francisco was
revoked.
African Americans gained
jobs and filled positions in
the North and the
Midwest. This increased
the work force.
Haymarket Riot (1886)
A violent clash between
the Chicago police and
union supporters that
weakened and divided the
labor movement.
Henry Flagler
An American industrialist
and a founder of Standard
Oil.
He was also a key figure
in the development of the
Atlantic coast of Florida
and founder of what
became the Florida East
Coast Railway. He is
known as the father of
Miami, Florida, and
founded the city of Palm
Beach.
Henry Ford
Created the assembly line
Reorganized factory work
to increase productivity,
dividing up the production
process so each worker
did a single task.
Homestead Strike
(1892)
Carnegie Steel plant
workers strike.
The union was defeated by
the state militia and was
shut out of the plant for 40
years.
Ida Tarbell
This woman was a
journalist who produced a
scorching study of the
Standard Oil trust.
A leading muckraker and
magazine editor, she
exposed the corruption of
the oil industry with her
1904 work A History of
Standard Oil.
Knights of Labor
Muckrakers
A labor group that grew
rapidly because of a
combination of their openmembership policy, the
continuing
industrialization of the
American economy, and
the growth of urban
population;
welcomed unskilled and
semiskilled workers,
including women,
immigrants, and African
Americans; were idealists
who believed they could
eliminate conflict between
labor and managements
Crusading journalists who
began to direct attention
toward social, economic,
and political injustices.
A labor group whose point
was to create a
cooperative society in
which laborers owned the
industries in which they
worked.
Named by Theodore
Roosevelt who accused
them of raking up muck
through their writings,
they were committed to
exposing scandal,
corruption, and injustice.
Their first major targets
were the trusts and the
railroads, which they
considered powerful and
deeply corrupt.
National Labor Union
A labor union formed in
1866 that attracted
600,000 members
including the skilled,
unskilled, and farmers.
It pushed social reform, an
eight-hour day, and
arbitration of labor
disputes
Lewis Latimer
An African American
inventor who patented the
carbon filament in
Thomas Edison’s
lightbulb
The child of fugitive
slaves who went on to
help patent the light bulb
and the telephone
National Women
Suffrage Association
Pro-suffrage organization
formed by the joining of
the national woman
suffrage association and
the American woman
suffrage association.
Led the suffragist
movement
Pullman Strike (1984)
Sherman Antitrust Act
(1890)
1894 strike against a rail
car company after wages
were depleted by 1/3 but
company town rent was
not correspondingly
lowered. Strike led by
Eugene V. Debs, leader of
American Railway Union.
Cars were overturned
from Chicago to the
Pacific Coast, halting rail
traffic. Federal troops
were brought in on the
excuse that the workers
were interfering with
transit of mail.
Federal law that outlawed
trusts, monopolies, and
other forms of business
that restricted trade.
Led to a weakening of the
labor movement
Outlawed the restriction of
trade, opening the market
up to a larger influx and
outflow of goods
throughout the United
States.
Sherman Silver
Purchase Act (1894)
Social Gospel
Movement
Was enacted in 1890 as a
United States federal law.
While not authorizing the
free and unlimited coinage
of silver that the Free
Silver supporters wanted,
it increased the amount of
silver the government was
required to purchase every
month It backfired
because people exchanged
their silver notes for gold
dollars, depleting the
governments gold
reserves. Led to the panic
of 1893
Growing outrage at social
and economic injustice
committed many
reformers to the pursuit of
social justice. The
movement was led by
Washington Gladden
It backfired because
people exchanged their
silver notes for gold
dollars, depleting the
governments gold
reserves. Led to the panic
of 1893
Taught religion and
human dignity would help
the poor overcome
problems of
industrialization. Didn't
focus on religion, but on
the fact that improved
living conditions begot
improved morality
Susan B. Anthony
A was a lecturer for
women's rights. She was a
Quaker. Many
conventions were held for
the rights of women in the
1840s. She was a strong
woman who believed that
men and women were
equal.
Theodore Roosevelt
26th president, known for:
conservationism, trustbusting, Hepburn Act,
safe food regulations,
"Square Deal," Panama
Canal, Great White Fleet,
Nobel Peace Prize for
negotiation of peace in
Russo-Japanese War
Thomas Edison
Invented the phonograph
and by 1900 it was used in
over 150,000 homes. His
invention made going to
the symphony obsolete.
He also invented the light
bulb.
He believed that reform
was a vehicle less fro
remaking American
Society than for protecting
it against more radical
challenges. He allied
himself with those
progressives who urged
regulation (but not
destruction) of the trusts.
At the heart of his policy
was a desire to win for
government the power to
investigate the activities of
corporations and publicize
the results.
Changed the lives of
Americans by allowing
them to light their homes
more efficiently and made
music more accessible.