PANAREA
IMAT
F. Aliotta
IPCF-CNR, Messina, ITALY
With the
ISIS
is actually
project TS2,
the in
world’s
July 2003
leading
began
pulsed
the
neutron and muon
construction
of a second
source.target station at ISIS.
-2·s
-1).
It is 3a August
On
high flux
2008,
pulsed
thesource
first neutrons
(~1012 n∙cm
from
the
The time
new
targetwidth
station
of the
havemoderated
been measured.
neutron pulse
The
secondoftarget
station
project
was
at
theISIS
beginning
its path
toward
the sample
completed
in the
2009.
seven rate
Phase
One
is
~20 ms and
pulseAll
repetition
is 60Hz.
neutron
are operational.
The
timeinstruments
width of the
pulse on the sample
depends on the length of the path to the sample
area (after tenths of meters the pulse width
becomes several hundreds ms).
Since 1985, CNR has been supporting the access of italian researchers to
the neutron spectroscopy techniques here available.
CNR-CCLRC International Agreement for the utilization of the ISIS
spallation neutron source in the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
(CCLRC=Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Council)
Harwell Science & Innovation Campus
Diamond
ISIS
TS-I
20 instruments
50 Hz
Target: W, clad in Ta
150 kW
160 μA (240 μA)
Proton energy 800 MeV
TS-II: 7 instruments
10 Hz
Target: W, clad in Ta
( 6.6, 27 cm)
48 kW
40 μA (60 μA)
With the project TS2, in July 2003 began the
construction of a second target station at ISIS.
On 3 August 2008, the first neutrons from the
new target station have been measured.
The ISIS second target station project was
completed in 2009. All seven Phase One
neutron instruments are operational.
In 2008 a new agreement for
collaboration between CNR and STCF
Since 1985, CNR has been supporting
access
of italian researchers to
hasthe
been
performed.
the neutron spectroscopy techniques Within
here available.
this agreement a new project,
PANAREA, will be developed, that will
be co-financed
by CNR and
STCF
CNR-CCLRC International Agreement
for the utilization
of the
ISIS
(2008-2016). Appleton Laboratory.
spallation neutron source in the Rutherford
(STFC=Science and Technology Facilities
(CCLRC=Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Council)
Council)
CHIPIR
IMAT
Progetto per l'CHIP
Applicazione
dei Neutroni Alla
IRradiation
IMage and MATerials
Ricerca in Elettronica e Archeometria science and engineering
Agreement concerning collaboration in
scientific research at the spallation neutron
source ISIS
[...] CNR shall collaborate with CCLRC in the exploitation of ISIS by making contributions as
follows: [...]
Aiming to collaborate with CCLRC in the development of mutually beneficial
instrumentation and techniques associated with the utilisation of ISIS Target Station 1 and
especially its new Target Station 2.
IMAT
A thermal-cold imaging / materials science beamline for TS-II
CHIPIR
IMAT
CHIP IRradiation
IMage and MATerials
science and engineering
The possibility of non-destructive testing and the penetration power of
neutrons is the basis of a materials science instrument for engineering,
geology, and archaeological sciences. Imat will allow the study of novel
alloys and composite materials, phase transformations, creeps and
fatigue, corrosion, and ancient fabrication techniques.
Available Techniques:
Applications:
Imaging mode
diffraction mode
•Neutron radiography and tomography
•Aerospace and transportation
•Diffraction-enhanced imaging
•Fuel and fluid cell technology
•Neutron
strain
•Cultural heritage
IMAT will
bescanning
a world-leading pulsed-source
cold neutron radiography
•Rapide
•Earth sciences
stationtexture
and analysis
facility for materials science,
materials processing and
•Engineerig and reverse engineering
engineering.
IMAT
diffraction mode
Texture
capabilities
are already
IMAT will analysis
be significantly
complementary
to
available
at thewhich
GEM is
and
POLARIS designed
instruments
ENGIN-X (TS1)
specifically
for
on
ISIS TS1. lattice spacings in engineering
evaluating
IMAT
willmaterials
have a in
highly
flexible
and spacious
relevant
minimum
times.
sample
area
to accommodate
a diverse range
of
IMAT will
employ
a relaxed resolution
to bias
engineering-specific
and user-supplied
sample
towards higher intensity,
and will provide
environment
and processing
cells andinallow
greater solid angle
detector coverage
orderfor
to
GEM
motorised
spatial scanning.
evaluate texture,
phase volume fractions, and
strain orientation distributions
POLARIS in short data
acquisition
The instrument will be ideally
suited totimes.
in-situ
The simultaneous
processing studies, in which
materials areanalysis of internal stress and
will be a unique and key capability of the
typically peak-broadened sotexture
that instrumental
beamline.
resolution is not a critical parameter.
Bragg edge analysis allows to obtain information about the stress and
deformation distribution in mechanical components.
Energy resolved imaging would allow to clearly
distinguish among different materials.
To tune the neutron energy around the Bragg edge
of the material of interest results in the increasing
of the phase contrast.
The otained image can be used to select the
sample volume which must be investigated by
diffraction technique.
The fine selection of the neutron
energy allows to evidenciate any
small local deformation of the
crystaline lattice.
IMAT: instrument parameters
diffraction
Common features ofimaging
IMAT for the two operating
modes are a Bragg edge
target/moderator
TS-II /broad-face,
decoupled
solidTS-II /broad-face,
decoupled solid-CH4.
detector,
the sample positioning
systems
and
the sample
environment.
CH4.
(Alternative:
/coupled LH2
Switching IMAT from
imaging
to TS-II
diffraction
mode must not require sample
for high intensity imaging).
removing. This will allow a complete survey of a sample by 2D or 3D imaging,
wavelength range
1 - 7 Å (dmax at 180°: 3.5 Å l-Ni(100)); 1 - 7 Å (dmax at 180°: 3.5 Å l-Ni(100));
followed
by a detailed
diffraction analysis of the interesting regions guided by
the
tomography data.adjustable apertures D=10-100 mm
incident
motorised jaws, 0.1-20mm; ellipsoidal
collimation/focussing
beam size/field of view
for varying L/D >300
mirror for focussing
simulated intensity distribution
maximum 20x20 cm2
variable (max horizontal/vertical:
8/20mm)
flight path moderatorpinhole
10 m
10 m
flight path pinhole
sample
~25 m
~25 m
spatial resolution
image
mode
better
than
0.2x0.2 mm
diffraction
mode operating mode: 5x5x5 mm3,
standard
variable from 1-10mm
An ellipsoidal mirror will allow switching between image mode and diffraction
n/a
Δd/d: 0.3 % at 2θ=90°
mode with a collimated neutron beam. The neutron focusing device is curved in
outgoing
beam
n/aa length of about 10 m and a standard
mode
5 mm,
radial
two dimensions,
with
height of
about
10removable
cm.
d-spacing resolution
collimation
divergence
90° collimators for variable resolution
L/D: > 300 (< 0.2° vertical and
horizontal)
0.35° horizontally; vertically larger;
tunable
IMAT drawings
Polref
Inter
Offspec
Wish
Nimrod
Let
IMAT
TS-II phase 2
IMAT moderator
Material
LH2, 22K
IMAT
LAMOR
Solid-methane, 26 K
De-coupler
none
Poison
none
W5 size
110 mm high
CHIPIR
IMAT on W5
ZOOM
Aperture selector
D = 10 , 20 , 40 , 75 mm + open
L/D = 1000, 500, 250, 133
Incident beamline
LET
IMAT
Disc chopper 1: 10 Hz
Position: 12.8 m
Source repetition
10 Hz
Moderator
Liquid H2 /T0-chopper:
solid CH4 coupled20
Primary neutron guide
Position:
21.1mm
m
m=3 straight,
square, 95x95
Single frame bandwidth
0.5 - 6.5 ǺDisc
Flight path to sample
56 m
Hz
chopper 2: 10 Hz
Position: 21.5 m
IMAT blockhouse
Pinhole
selector
Day-1 90-degree
detectors
sample
Imaging
cameras
Diffraction instrument
•
Large detector coverage for rapid
phase and texture analysis
•
Scintillation detectors; fibre-coded or
wavelength shifting fibres
•
Highly pixellated; each pixel <5deg
•
Medium spectral resolution for strain
analysis
Primary flight path
56 m
L: pinhole-detector
10 m
D: pinhole sizes
10, 20, 40, 75 mm
L/D
1000, 500, 250, 133
Spatial resolution
Standard: 200 micron
Minimum: 100 micron
Wavelength resolution
0.7 % at 3Å
Neutron flux (L/D=250)
2 ·107 neutrons·cm-2·s-1
Max. field of view
200 x 200 cm2
Strain analysis performance
IMAT
400000
intensity
E8: de-coupled CH4
W5: coupled H2
200000
ENGIN-X
diffraction resolution
(3Å/90º)
0.69 % 0.33 %
strain resolution
[microstrain]
70
50
Bragg intensity 3 Å [a.u.]
8.5
1.0
0
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
d-spacing (Angstrom)
Neutron Flux
Gain over ENGIN-X
Imaging instrument
•
High flux moderator
•
Energy resolution better than 0.8%
•
Two imaging positions
•
Gated CCD + Bragg edge transmission
detectors
Primary flight path
56 m
L: pinhole-detector
10 m
D: pinhole sizes
10, 20, 40, 75 mm
L/D
1000, 500, 250, 133
Spatial resolution
Standard: 200 micron
Minimum: 100 micron
Wavelength resolution
0.7 % at 3Å
Neutron flux (L/D=250)
2 ·107 neutrons·cm-2·s-1
Max. field of view
200 x 200 cm2
Imaging instrument: tests (1st prototype)
First questions: are we able to get conventional tomography images from the
beam flux available at the ISIS pulsed source?
are we able to obtain the required spatial resolution
performances?
First prototype (installed at INES)
•Flight Path L = 23.84 m
•Source Dimension D ~ 8.5 cm => L / D ~ 280
•Sample-scintillator distance l ~ 10 cm (Mean)
•Spatial Resolution: 0.26 < d < 0.42 [mm]
•Camera CCD not cooled 640x480 - 8 bit
•Optics 8 mm, f: 1.4
•Scintillator ZnS / 6LiF on Al substrate
The Imaging Source: DMK 21BF04
Imaging instrument: tests (1st prototype)
Imaging instrument: tests (2nd prototype)
Further questions: which kind of imaging device is more appropriate to obtain
high spatial resolution images on the large field (20x20cm2)
that will be available at IMAT?
is it possible to obtain the required time resolution by any
commercial imaging device?
are there practical perspectives to reach an enough high
efficiency of energy selective image acquisition?
which kind of scintillator plate can ensure us a bright image
together with the required space and time resolution
performances?
which is the better geometry to minimize radiation damages
effects of the CCD (or any other imaging device)?
Second prototype (portable test chamber)
•Flight Path L = variable
•Source Dimension D variable
•Sample-scintillator distance 8 cm l  30 cm
•Spatial Resolution: variable
•Camera CCD inter-changeable
•Optics 35÷135 mm, f: 4.5÷5.6
•Scintillator variable
Scintillator plate
Mirror
Rotating platform
X-Z translator
CCD
Imaging instrument: tests (2nd prototype)
Test at ROTAX
sample: nail from a medieval wreck found in the Palermo Gulf.
CCD: Andor iStar DH712
scintillator plate: ZnS(Ag)6Li
Imaging instrument: tests (2nd prototype)
Tests at ROTAX
CCD: Andor iStar DH712
scintillator plate: ZnS(Ag)6Li
Sample 1: fibula
Sample 2: snail
Imaging instrument: day 1 CCD
Andor iStar 734
Specification Summary
Effective active area of CCD
Fibre optic taper
magnification
Effective CCD pixel size
Active pixels
Read noise
13.3x13.3 mm2
1:1
13x13 mm
(100% fill factor)
1024X1024
As low as 2.9e
Frame rate (image/sec max,)
0.9
Useful photocatode spectral
range
120 – 1090 nm
Photocatode QE
Minimum optical gate width
Up to 50%
1.2 ns
Imaging instrument: overall
scintillator
spatial
spatial
resolution
resolution
test tests
Slanted
Edge
Method
Line
Spread
Function
450
Experimental
Linear Fit of B
Point
Spread
Function
Resolution [mm]
400
350
300
Equation
y=a+
Adj. R-Sq 0.9243
250
Value
200
200
300
Standard
B
Interce
169.89
15.9944
B
Slope
0.3241
0.04112
400
500
600
Thickness [mm]
700
800
Imaging instrument: time resolution requirements
At TS2 the distance between pulses is 20 ms.
The acquisition of energy resolved images with enough energy
resolution to distinguish the Bragg edge shift originated by local
deformation of a material implies a time resolution of 10 ms.
20 ms
20000 images are required to
cover
the
20ms
interval
between pulses with 10 ms
aquisitions.
Imaging instrument: time resolution requirements
At IMAT: the neutron beam section will be 20x20cm2;
the estimated neutron flux is about 2∙107 neutron/s.
With a 1024x1024 pixel detector, the average counting rate on each
pixel will be of 0.95 over 10ms.
20 ms
On day 1, recording an image
at a single energy value will
require an acquisition time of
about 30s.
Imaging instrument: scintillator time resolution tests
type
thickness
N1
6LiF/ZnS:Ag
225 mm
N2
6LiF/ZnS:Cu
225 mm
N3
6LiF/ZnS:Ag
450 mm
Cu
Fe
15.5ms –
0.5ms
Cu
Fe
G.Salvato, F. Aliotta, V. Finocchiaro, D. Tresoldi, C.S.Vasi, R.C. Ponterio
– 2010.
Nuclear Instruments and methods in physics research, A14.3ms
621, 489,
0.5ms
Imaging instrument: drawings of the camera
available room: 400x660x900 mm3
requirements: 2048x2048 CCD ready, user friendly
OPTICS
lens: NIKON 85mm f/1.4
Newport
mirrors: silicon wafer
(Al coated)
Edmund Optics
NEUTRON TOMOGRAPHY IN EUROPE
Reactors
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
FRM-II
BENSC (CONRAD)
CASACCIA
CEA
ATOMINSTITUT
KFKI
Garching, GERMANY (fast neutrons, 8∙1014 n·cm-2∙s-1)
Berlin, GERMANY (cold neutrons, 109 n·cm-2∙s-1)
Rome, ITALY (thermal neutrons, 2∙106 n·cm-2∙s-1)
Saclay, FRANCE (thermal neutrons, 3.4∙106 n·cm-2∙s-1)
Wien, AUSTRIA (thermal neutrons, 1.3∙105 n·cm-2∙s-1)
Budapest, HUNGARY (thermal neutrons, 108 n·cm-2∙s-1)
Neutron Spallation Sources
1. SINQ (NEUTRA, PGA) Villigen, Switzerland
(thermal and cold neutrons, 1014 n·cm-2∙s-1, continuous)
2. LPI
Moscow, Russia
(thermal and fast neutrons, 109 n·cm-2∙s-1, pulsed)