Modern Review
• Crystal Palace
• Joseph Paxton
• Great Exhibition
of 1851
• Industrial
Revolution
– Cast iron
skeleton
– Glass walls
– Prefabrication
Eiffel
Tower
Gustave
Eiffel
1889 Paris
Exhibition
Michel-Eugene Chevreul
A Sunday on La Grande Jatte
• Seurat
• Pointillism
or
Divisionism
• Optical
Mixing
• Middle
Class
people/life
• Gaugin
• Flat planes of
color
• Colors can
represent
ideas/emotion
s (ex. Red as
struggle…)
• Left his kids &
wife and
moved around
(including to
TAHITI)
Where do we come from? What are
we? Where are we going?
• Van Gogh
• Color=
emotion
(ex. Yellow =
friendship
& hope)
• Swirling
brushstrokes
• 10 year
career
• Cezanne
• Underlying
structure
• Multiple
viewpoints
• Still lifes
• Mount
Saint
Victoire
• Color
patches
Symbolism
• Don’t imitate nature – create
free INTERPRETATIONS of
it
• Inner Vision
• Fantasy world
• Technique individual to each
artist
Redon
The
Cyclops
• Rousseau
The
Sleeping
Gypsy
• “naïve
painter”
–Lacked
training
Gustave
Moreau
Jupiter and
Semele
• Munch
• Norway
• Forerunner
of the
Expressionists
• Carpeaux
(1827-1875)
• Count Ugolino
and His Children
• More polished
(like NeoClassical)
• Vivid reality
• Rodin
(1840-1917)
• Walking Man
• “unfinished” style
(like impressionists!)
- roughly textured
surface
• Inner feeling
expressed
through the body
• The Thinker, The
Kiss, The
Burghers of
Calais, Balzac
• Louis
Sullivan
• “Father of the
Prairie
School
Movement”
• Form follows
function
• Birth of
Modern
Architecture
H.H.
Richardson
(Sullivan’s
Predecessor)
Trinity
Church,
Boston
• Richard Morris
Hunt
• Served the
aristocracy
• Renaissance &
Baroque
influences
• The Breakers –
for Cornelius
Vanderbilt II
(railroad king)
– Looks like a 16th
century palazzo
• Frank Lloyd
Wright
• Falling
Water
• Bear Run, PA
• 1934-37
• Blend in with
the natural site
• Contrast in
textures
• CANTILEVER
construction
Art Nouveau
•1890-1914
•Natural Forms
•Organic Forms
The Peacock
Skirt
Aubrey
Beardsley
Victor
Horta
Staircase
in the Van
Eetvelde
House
Tassel
House
Brussels
Antonio Gaudi – Casa Mila - 1905
Gustave
Klimt
The Kiss
• Matisse
• Fauvism
• Nonrepresentational
color
• Based on
artist’s feeling
Andre
Derain
The
Dance
• Picasso
• Blue
Period
(19011904)
• Picasso
• Rose
Period
(19051906)
Gertrude
Stein
Influence
of Iberian
Sculpture
Picasso’s Les
Demoiselles
d’Avignon
(1906)
Landmark
painting that
would lead to
Cubism
Picasso’s Guernica (1937)
• Event from Spanish Civil War in which Fascists
bombed innocent civilians
• Outraged Picasso painted it for Spanish section
of Paris International Exposition of 1937
• Georges
Braque
• The
Portuguese
• 1911
• Analytic
Cubism
• Synthetic
Cubism
* Picasso
* Still-Life
with
ChairCaning
* 1912
Cubist Sculpture
Picasso –
Guitar 1912
Archipenko –
Woman Combing
her Hair
1915
Julio Gonzalez
Woman
Combing her
Hair
1930-33
Futurism
•1909-1916
•Motion & speed
•Lines of force
Giacomo Balla – Dynamics of a Dog on a Leash
Dynamism of a Soccer Player - Boccioni
• Russian
Constructivism
• 1913-32
• Soviet Art
• Tatlin
• Monument
to the Third
International
• Precisionism
• 1915-1930
• Simplified
Forms
• Border
between
representation
& abstraction
• Charles
Sheeler
• River Rouge
Plant
Charles
Demuth
My
Egypt
Georgia O’Keeffe
YOU’RE INVITED!
WHAT: The Armory Show
WHO: Impressionists, PostImpressionists, Fauves, Cubists
WHEN: Feb. 1913
WHERE: National Guard Armory,
Lexington Street,
New York City
Duchamp
Nude
Descending
a Staircase
• Expressionism
• The Bridge – Die
Brucke (19051913)
• Large & simple
forms
• Clear (often
jarring) colors
• Brutal angularity
• Ernst Ludwig
KIRCHNER
• Street, Dresden
Emil
Nolde
Saint
Mary
of
Egypt
• The Blue
Rider – Der
Blaue Reiter
• 1911-1914
• Colors are
less jarring
than The
Bridge
• Spirituality
• Reaction
against
society
• Franz Marc
• Fate of the
Animals
Improvisation No. 28
• Dadaism
• Protested the
madness of
WWI
• “Everything that
comes into
being is art.”
• Jean Arp
• Collage
Arranged
According to the
Laws of Chance
• 1916-17
DUCHAMP – Ready - made
The Bride
Stripped
Bare by her
Bachelors
• Postwar
German
Expressionism
• Max Beckmann
(1884-1950)
• Disillusioned by
war - Wanted his
paintings to
“reproach God for
his errors”
• Night
Surrealism
• Blurs real world with fantasy
• Biomorphic = largley abstract
(Miro)
• Naturalistic = recognizable
scenes that metamorph. Into a
dream or nightmare image
(Dali, Magritte)
Giorgio De
Chirico
(1888 – 1978)
Melancholy
and
Mystery of
a Street
Max Ernst
Two
Children Are
Threatened
by a
Nightengale
Renee Magritte
The Treachery of Images
1928-29
Frida
Kahlo
Two
Fridas
1939
• Joan Miro
• Painting
1933
• Biomorphic
Surrealism
Maret Oppenheim - Luncheon in Fur
I and the
Village
• Mondrian
• Composition in
Red, Blue, and
Yellow
• De Stijl
– created works that
did not show
recognizable
images or infer
depth
– Achieve “honesty”
in artwork
• International
Style
– Transcended
national
boundaries
– Absence of
exterior
decoration
• Rietveld – the
Schroeder
House
• 1923-24
• De Stijl
•
•
•
•
Walter Gropius – Beginning of International Style
The Shop Block
Bauhaus Dessau Bauhaus School of Design
– Founded 1919
– Architecture should avoid all romantic embellishments
• Mies van
der Rohe
• Model for a
glass
skyscraper
• 1922
• “Less is
more.”
Villa Savoy
Designed by
Le Corbusier
“The house is a machine for
living.” – Le Corbusier
International
Style
Le Corbusier
This is a church.
Abandoned
International Style
Replaced a French
pilgrimage church
destroyed in WWII
More organic –
resembles folded
hands or a dove
Notre Dame du Haut (1950-1955)
• Brancusi
(1876-1957)
• Romanian
Artist
• “essence of
things”
• Bird in
Space (1928)
•
•
•
•
Organic Sculpture
Henry Moore
Reclining Figure 1939
Use of negative space – holes going
through solids – also known as “voids”
Barbara Hepworth
Hole or void as the
abstract element
Organic vitality
Oval Sculpture No. 2 1943
Abstract Expressionism
• Late 1940s, Early 1950s
• New York City now center of avantgarde art
• “Action Painting”
• No reference to visual reality
• Image result of the creative process
• Gestural Abstraction (Pollock)
• Chromatic Abstraction (Rothko)
• Arshile Gorky
• Water of the
Flowery Mill
• Armenian
• Biomorphic
shapes (Miro)
• Glowing colors
(Kandinsky)
• Impassioned act
of painting
• Jackson
Pollock
• Lavender
Mist, 1950
(Number 1,
1950)
• Gestural
Abstraction
• No
foreground,
no
background,
no depth
• Williem de
Kooning
• Woman I
• Gestural
Abstraction
• Furious
energy
• Chromatic
Abstraction
• Color Field
• Interest in the
relation between
one color and
another
• Mark Rothko
• No. 14, 1960
• Barnett Newman
• Vir Heroicus Sublimus (1950-51)
• Evocative power of color
• Helen
Frankenthaler
• Bay Side
1967
• Color Stain
Morris Louis Saraband
• Hard Edge
– Do NOT
convey
feeling of
passion
– Precise and
cool
• Josef Albers
• Homage to
the Square
“Ascending”
• Frank
Stella
• Mas o
Menos
(1964)
• pinstripes
Ellsworth Kelly - Red Blue Green
Pop Art
• Early 1960s
• United States (leaders)
• Images drawn from popular
culture
• Average person can
understand it
• Richard
Hamilton
• “Father of British
Pop Art”
• Just What is it
That Makes
Today’s Homes
so Different, so
Appealing?
• Collage
• 1956
• Jasper
Johns
• Flag
• Familiar
Objects
• encaustic
• Roy
Lichtenstein
• Hopeless
• Comic strips
• Benday Dots
Andy Warhol – Marilyn Diptych
• Robert
Rauschenberg
• Canyon
(1959)
• combines
Alexander Calder - Mobiles
David Smith – the Cubis
Becca
Cubi XVIII
1964
Minimalism
• United States - 1960s & 70s
• Get rid of things people
USED to think were
ESSENTIAL to art
• Extreme simplicity, typically
large, geometric shapes
Donald
Judd
untitled
1969
Tony Smith Die 1962
Maya Lin
Vietnam Veterans Memorial - Minimalism
Claes Oldenburg
Pop Sculpture
• Superrealism
• Duane
Hanson
• Supermarket
Shopper
1970
Duane Hanson, Tourists II
• Super realist
sculpture
• Commentary on
American life
Chuck Close
Big Self-portrait 1967-68
Self-portrait 1997
Audrey
Flack
Marilyn
(vanitas)
1977
Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty
• Earth Art or Environmental Art (1960s-1970s)
• Site-specific – its design reflects the
surroundings, it has its meaning in its
location
• Art does not have to be in a museum
Nancy Holt’s Sun Tunnels (large
concrete pipes with holes)
• 1970s
environmentalism
• Site-specific
• Has a dialogue
with the
surrounding
• Like a modern
Stonehenge
Richard Serra’s Tilted Arc
Christo and Jeanne-Claude
• Site-specific art
• Wrapping projects
• Last project – The
Gates in Central
Park (2004)
Postmodern Architecture
•Varied
•Interesting
•Complex
•Eclectic
The AT&T Building Philip Johnson (1984)
Michael Graves – The Portland Public Services Building
(1980-82)
The Pompidou Center
Piano & Rodgers
Frank Gehry, Guggenheim
Museum in Bilbao, Spain