WH Spring 2014 Final Exam Study Guide
1. The shift from hunting and gathering to raising animals and growing food on a regular basis is
called
2. The new Greek age known as the Hellenistic Era was created by the conquests of
3. ____ teaches that sorrow, pain, and poverty are caused by attachment to possessions and things of
this world.
4. An early Roman body of law with legal principles still recognized today is the
5. It was through the Muslim world that
6. Italian port cities such as Genoa, Pisa, and Venice benefited from
7. The huge increase in European population in the High Middle Ages was caused by
8. All of the following statements about the Toltec are false EXCEPT
9. Which country emerged as one of the major trading states in the area south of the Sahara in the
eighth century?
10. The medical encyclopedia written by ____ became a basic medical textbook for university
students in medieval Europe.
11. The growing of crops and taming of animals by early humans are characteristic of
12. The expansion of the Greek language and culture to Southeast Asia and beyond was a result of
13. The ____ teaches that all people have to subordinate their own interests to the broader needs of
family and community.
14. The ____ turned their backs on the outside world and discouraged foreigners from visiting.
15. In 287, the ____ received the right to pass laws for all Romans.
16. ____ abandoned his life of wealth to live and preach in poverty.
17. Under feudalism, a man who served a lord in a military capacity was called a
18. City-states, each governed by a hereditary ruling class, were characteristic of
19. A court created by the Catholic Church to find and try those who denied basic church doctrines
was called the
20. Write 3 statements about the Black Death are true
21. What were the characteristics of Renaissance society?
22. By 1605, Akbar had
23. The Mogul culture brought together ____ and ____ influences.
24. The author of The Dream of the Red Chamber was
25. ____ brought the “Great Peace” and centralized Japanese authority.
26. Margaret Cavendish was critical of the seventeenth century belief that
27. René Descartes, the father of modern rationalism, said,
28. ____ used the scientific method to discover the natural laws that govern social and political
relationships.
29. Mary Wollstonecraft was an eighteenth-century thinker who declared that
30. The Duke of Wellington
31. Masaccio’s frescoes are regarded at the first masterpieces of
32. Mercantilism dominated economic thought in the ____ century.
33. The survival of Great Britain was one of two major reasons that Napoleon’s Empire collapsed.
What is the other major reason?
34. The defeat of the king’s forces allowed ____ to lead England.
35. Matsuo Basho is considered to be
36. Limiting cultivation of cloves to one island and forcing others to stop the growing and trade of
the spice was one way the ____ tried to dominate the clove trade.
37. Babur established the
38. Niccolò Machiavelli wrote
39. The ____, signed in 1494, divided control of new territories between Spain and Portugal.
40. The balance of trade is
41. The Crimean War was a result of a long-standing struggle between
42. Darwin’s principle that plants and animals had evolved over a long period of time from simpler
forms of life is called
43. What 3 statements are true about early public education?
44. The Duma was
45. ____ devised a method of mental therapy called psychoanalysis.
46. Which countries were never European colonies?
47. What were the consequences of British indirect rule in Nigeria?
48. The Monroe Doctrine was created by President James Monroe to
49. As a result of the ____, China agreed to give Hong Kong to the British.
50. Who was the Japanese emperor who called his reign the “Enlightened Rule”?
51. Puddling was
52. The Factory Act of 1833
53. ____ arose out of people’s awareness of being part of a community with common institutions,
traditions, language, and customs.
54. What were the consequences of Czar Alexander II’s emancipation edict?
55. The Triple Alliance united
56. Pogroms and anti-Semitism in Europe led to
57. ____ were local officials in India who collected taxes for the British.
58. President William McKinley decided to turn the Philippines into an American colony
59. Extraterritoriality referred to
60. Sun Yat-sen founded the Revive China Society and the
61. Trench warfare caused the immobilization of troops on the
62. The concept of total war means that
63. Quickly turning the USSR from an agricultural to an industrial economy was
64. The legislation that allowed Hitler to ignore Germany’s constitution for four years while passing
new laws was called
65. The world leader who used methods of civil disobedience to protest unjust laws was
66. Mao Zedong led the ____ on the Long March.
67. The official political party of the Mexican Revolution was known as
68. Hitler’s form of attack that used tank divisions supported by air attacks was called
69. The turning point of the war in the Pacific occurred at
70. What did Truman demand from Eastern Europe at the Potsdam Conference?
71. Germany’s plan for a two-front war with Russia and France was
72. German use of submarines to blockade Britain led to
73. Laws excluding Jews from German citizenship were called
74. A fascist government is one in which
75. One of the many nonviolent acts of Mohandas Gandhi was
76. Chiang Kai-shek’s goal to promote traditional Confucian values was called
77. The ruler who introduced many modern reforms in Turkey was
78. Great Britain’s appeasement policy
79. Heroic efforts by the Royal Navy and civilians in private boats resulted in
80. The entire German Sixth Army, considered the best of German troops, was lost at
81. A civil war in ____ in 1946 contributed to tensions between the Soviet Union and Great Britain.
82. The Marshall Plan was designed to
83. U.S. fears about the spread of communism were increased when ____ became a Communist
nation in 1949.
84. Which nations were original members of NATO?
85. Which nations were members of the Warsaw Pact?
86. When the Soviet Union launched the Sputnik I satellite in 1957, many Americans feared that
87. The “Bay of Pigs” refers to
88. Communist leader ____ initiated the “Prague Spring” with a series of reforms in Czechoslovakia
in 1968.
89. The U.S. senator responsible for the anti-Communist movement known as the “Red Scare” was
90. In 1970, four students at ____ were killed by the Ohio National Guard during an antiwar
demonstration.
91. The Truman Doctrine stated that the U.S. would provide ____ to nations threatened by
Communist expansion.
92. The Council for Mutual Economic Assistance, founded in 1949, was
93. Which of the following nations joined the NATO alliance several years after it was founded?
94. The Warsaw Pact sought to
95. The Berlin Wall was built in order to
96. Which Communist nation remained independent of Soviet control?
97. Which nation experienced an “economic miracle” after World War II?
98. French president Charles de Gaulle attempted to return France to the status of a world power by
99. Which nation declined economically after World War II?
100.
Which U.S. president signed into law the Civil Rights Act?
101.
In political history, the term “détente” refers to
102.
____ and ____ weakened the Soviet economy during Brezhnev’s leadership.
103.
One of the most serious problems facing Gorbachev’s reforms was
104.
The Polish national trade union Solidarity was founded by
105.
Reforms began in Romania after ____ was removed from power.
106.
When Slobodan Milo evíc stripped Kosovo of its autonomy in 1989,
107.
Margaret Thatcher resigned after her plan to ____ was rejected.
108.
The North American Free Trade Agreement sought to
109.
Voters in ____ chose not to secede from the Canadian union in 1995.
110.
The “détente” phase of relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union ended with the
Soviet invasion of
111.
The policy that the Soviet Union had a right to intervene if communism was threatened in
another Communist nation was known as the
112.
The Russian word perestroika, used to describe the reform movement led by Mikhail
Gorbachev, means
113.
Russian President Vladimir Putin used military force to suppress a rebellion in the state
of
114.
After the war between Bosnia and Serbia, new tensions arose when Serbia refused to
allow ____ to continue to exist as an autonomous province.
115.
The Socialist president ____ nationalized major banks and industries in France in the
1980s.
116.
Attacks on foreigners became common in Germany during the 1990s, partly because
117.
Throughout the 1960s and 1970s, the British government struggled to address fighting in
Northern Ireland between
118.
U.S. president ____ was forced to resign to avoid impeachment for his involvement in the
Watergate scandal.
119.
U.S. president Jimmy Carter faced a serious international crisis when 52 Americans were
held hostage in
120.
The book Silent Spring gave rise to a new field of science called
121.
Tropical rain forests cover only 6 percent of the earth’s surface, but they support ____ of
the world’s plant and animal species.
122.
Acid rain results from
123.
The Exxon Valdez was involved in
124.
A major environmental conference known as the Earth Summit was held in 1992 in
which city?
125.
American astronauts first landed on the moon in which year?
126.
According to estimates by the United Nations, the world’s population could reach ____
by the year 2050.
127.
The term “Green Revolution” refers to
128.
In 1986, a nuclear explosion at ____ released radiation that killed hundreds of people.
129.
The United Nations was founded in 1945 in which city?
130.
In her book Silent Spring, Rachel Carson argued that
131.
Deforestation, the clearing of forests, has been a by-product of
132.
Some scientists have warned that the release of chlorofluorocarbons into the atmosphere
may impact
133.
Some scientists have been concerned that genetic engineering might
134.
The Green Revolution has been hindered by
135.
In 1995, ____ was established as an international organization to deal with the rules of
trade between countries.
136.
“Developing countries” are characterized by
137.
After World War II, African and Asian leaders identified ____ as the defining theme of
their new political cultures.
138.
Which of the following nations are permanent members of the United Nations Security
Council?
139.
For many years, the effectiveness of the United Nations was limited by
140.
Establishing ____ by January 1, 2002, was one of the European Union’s first goals.
141.
Later defeated in free elections, ____ overthrew the government of Nicaragua.
142.
Which book led to the movement to protect the environment?
143.
Which view does Pan-Africanism promote?
144.
The nation of ____ was ruled by the oppressive military regime known as the Khmer
Rouge.
145.
Zaibatsu refers to
146.
Which Communist leader initiated the Prague Spring reforms in Czechoslovakia during
1968?
147.
U.S. president ____ signed the Civil Rights Act into law.
148.
Serbia refused to allow ____ to remain an autonomous province after its war with Bosnia,
and new tensions between the two arose.
149.
As Gorbachev sought to reform the Soviet Union, one of the most serious problems he
faced was
150.
In which country were huge oil reserves discovered during the late 1970s?
151.
Iran and Iraq tensions are fueled by
152.
Which group of nations was involved in the Suez War of 1956?
153.
The Chinese Red Guards attacked the “Four Olds,” which included
154.
When China entered the Korean War, it was because
155.
Increasing demand for ____ leads to deforestation.
Key
1. systemic agriculture
2. Alexander the Great.
3. Buddhism
4. Law of Nations.
5. the astrolabe was invented, which enabled Europeans to sail to the Americas.
6. the Crusades.
7. increased peace and stability, which led to better food production.
8. peaceful people, ruled by Pachacuti, defeated by Cortés
9. Ghana
10. Ibn Sina
11. the Neolithic Revolution.
12. the conquests of Alexander the Great.
13. Confucian view of the Dao
14. Spartans
15. council of the plebs
16. Saint Francis of Assisi
17. vassal.
18. Mayan civilization.
19. Inquisition.
20. nearly 38 million people died, trade increased, in England and Germany, entire villages were
wiped out.
21. urban, secular society, interest in ancient culture, a high regard for human worth
22. brought Mogul rule to most of India.
23. Persian, Indian
24. Cao Xuegin.
25. Tokugawa Ieyasu
26. humans, through science, were masters of nature.
27. “I think, therefore I am.”
28. John Locke
29. Enlightenment ideals entitled women to the same rights as men.
30. defeated Napoleon at Waterloo.
31. Renaissance art.
32. seventeenth
33. the force of nationalism
34. Oliver Cromwell
35. the greatest of all Japanese poets.
36. Dutch
37. Mogul dynasty.
38. The Prince.
39. Treaty of Tordesillas
40. the difference between what a nation imports and exports.
41. Russia and the Ottoman Empire.
42. organic evolution.
43. It helped provide skilled labor in the Second Industrial Revolution, it required boys and girls
between ages 6 and 12 to attend school, it helped people become better-educated voters.
44. a legislative assembly in Russia.
45. Sigmund Freud
46. Thailand
47. All major decisions were made by British administrators, it sowed the seeds for class and tribal
tensions, it kept the African elite in power.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
allow the use of troops to restore Spanish control in Latin America.
Treaty of Nanjing
Mutsuhito
a process for producing iron.
provided benefits for workers in case of sickness.
Nationalism
Serfs were allowed to own property, serfs became wealthy landowner, serfs could marry as they
chose
Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy.
emigration of thousands of Jews to the US, the growth of Zionism, political parties that endorsed
anti-Semitism.
Zamindars
because it was a convenient point for trade with China.
Europeans living by their own laws in China.
Nationalist Party.
Western Front.
it involved a complete mobilization of resources and people.
Stalin’s Five Year Plans.
the Enabling Act.
Mohandas Gandhi.
People’s Liberation Army
the Institutional Revolutionary Party.
blitzkrieg.
the Battle of Midway Island.
freely elected governments
the Schlieffen Plan.
the United States entering the war.
“Nuremberg laws.”
a strong central government is led by a dictatorial ruler.
the Salt March.
the “New Life Movement.”
Atatürk.
resulted from the view that Germany’s occupation of German territory was a reasonable action by
a dissatisfied power.
the evacuation of 338,000 Allied troops at Dunkirk.
the Battle of Stalingrad.
Greece
restore the economic stability of European nations after World War II.
China
Italy, Denmark, Belgium
Poland
the Soviet Union was ahead of the U.S. in the production of missiles.
a U.S. attempt to overthrow the Cuban government.
Alexander Dubcek
Joseph McCarthy.
Kent State University
money
the Soviet Union’s response to the Marshall Plan.
Turkey
create a military alliance between the Soviet Union and various Eastern European nations.
prevent East Germans from defecting to West Germany.
96. Yugoslavia
97. West Germany
98. investing heavily in nuclear weapons.
99. Great Britain
100.
Lyndon Johnson
101.
improved relations between the U.S. and the Soviet Union in the 1970s.
102.
A weak collective farming system; a corrupt government bureaucracy
103.
the multiethnic republics.
104.
Lech Walesa.
105.
Nicolae Ceausescu
106.
a brutal war broke out between Serbs and Albanians.
107.
replace local property taxes with a national flat-rate tax
108.
establish cooperative trade guidelines between Canada, the U.S., and Mexico.
109.
Quebec
110.
Afghanistan.
111.
Brezhnev Doctrine.
112.
restructuring.
113.
Chechnya.
114.
Kosovo
115.
François Mitterand
116.
increased unemployment made many Germans angry that foreigners may have been
taking jobs away.
117.
Catholics and Protestants.
118.
Richard Nixon
119.
Iran.
120.
ecology.
121.
50%
122.
the mixture of sulfur produced by factories with moisture in the air.
123.
a major oil spill in Alaska.
124.
Rio de Janeiro
125.
1969
126.
9 billion
127.
the development of new strains of grains that have higher yields.
128.
Chernobyl
129.
San Francisco
130.
the use of pesticides was having a serious negative impact on the environment.
131.
increasing demands for new farmlands.
132.
the ozone layer.
133.
create new strains of deadly bacteria.
134.
the expense of chemical fertilizers.
135.
the WTO
136.
a farming economy and little modern technology.
137.
democracy
138.
China, France, the United States
139.
its domination by the U.S. and Soviet Union during the Cold War.
140.
a common European currency
141.
the Sandinistas
142.
Silent Spring
143.
Black Africans share a common identity.
144.
Cambodia
145.
the large business conglomerates in Japan
146.
147.
148.
149.
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
Alexander Dubcek
Lyndon Johnson
Kosovo
the multiethnic nature of the Soviet Union.
Mexico
disputes over territory.
Israel, Great Britain, France, and Egypt
old ideas, old culture, old customs, old habits.
United Nation forces invaded North Korea.
new farmlands