Flower Structure and Function
Flowering plants are called ANGIOSPERMS.
They are the greatest number
of plants on Earth.
What helps them survive?
Diversity !
What is diversity?
Diversity
is variation
within a community.
Main Plant Parts
Angiosperms are made up of 6 parts:
1. Roots-- Stabilizes the plant below ground, absorbs
water and nutrients from the soil.
Fibrous root system-- Trees
Tap root system-- Cactus, Carrots
2. Stems-- Stabilizes the plant above ground and
allows plant to grow higher and wider.
Woody stems-- Trees, Roses Herbaceous stems-- Grass, Flowers
3. Leaves-- Act as food factories of the plant.
Take in CO2, make glucose, release O2.
Waxy coat to prevent water loss-- Cuticle
4. Flowers-Contain angiosperms
reproductive parts.
5. Seeds--
Part of flowering plant that
contains an
embryo (young plant)
and the food (cotyledon)
it will need to grow into
a new plant.
6. Fruit-Ripened ovary of a flowering
plant that contains the seeds.
Can be dry or fleshy
Reproduction in Angiosperms
Flowers are the reproductive structures of
angiosperms.
Some have male reproductive parts
Others have female reproductive parts
Some have both-male & female parts
MALE FLOWER PARTS
Anther
STAMEN
Filament
POLLEN-- Powder containing male sperm
FEMALE FLOWER
PARTS
P
I
S
T
I
L
Stigma
Sticky, pollen
lands here
Style
Ovary
Hollow structure at
bottom of pistil,
contains female egg cell.
Flower Parts
Pollination
Process of getting pollen (sperm) of a plant to the egg—
may be the same plant/may be another plant.
Things that attract pollinators:
Color
Aroma (Smell)
Shape
Size
Pollinators:
Organisms that carry pollen
from stamens to pistils.
Examples: insects, like honeybees,
butterflies, moths, birds,
and mammals, like bats.
How Does Pollination Occur?
Flowers provide food
NECTAR
Pollen then "sticks" pollinator
Pollinator moves to feed on
another flower, pollen grains fall off
animal's body onto pistil of
visited flower.
Flowers have different colors,
shapes, sizes, and fragrances to
attract different pollinators.
Examples:
Butterflies--long, slender tongues to
pollinate long, narrow flowers.
Bees--open, shallow flowers
Fertilization
Pollen travels down—thru the style into the ovary to fertilize female
egg.
fertilized egg--EMBRYO
embryo--SEED
Ripened Ovary develops into a
FRUIT
Fruit protects newly
fertilized egg.
Inside the fruit--the seeds
that can develop into
new plants.
Some fruits—1 seed--peaches
Others—Many seeds--apples
Are those fruits or veggies?
Foods we call
vegetables are
actually fruits:
tomatoes,
cucumbers, squash,
zucchini, and
peppers.
Why???
Seed Dispersal
How are seeds sent out or
dispersed
into the environment?
Animals, water, wind,
hooks on certain
seeds (cuckleburr)
How do angiosperms and
animals help one
another?
Seed lands—conditions right--
GERMINATION
Sprouting
Quiz Time !!!!!!!!
How well did you listen and take notes?
Number 1-4 somewhere on your notes!!
1. Some leaves and fruit possess a waxy
coat. What is most likely the purpose of
this coating?
A. It traps insects
B. It traps sunlight
C. It prevents water loss
D. It looks shiny
2. Roots that grow underground are
important for a plant's survival. Which
statement best describes their job?
A. They absorb water and nutrients.
B. They produce food.
C. They contain the seeds for reproduction.
D. They work to scare off underground
predators.
3. Milkweed is a plant that secretes a
milky substance poisonous to insects.
What is the most likely advantage of
this characteristic?
1. Reproduction
2. Respiration
3. Defense
4. Photosynthesis
4. Pollinators, such as birds and insects,
are very important to flowering plants.
What is the most important job that
they perform?
1. They bring food to the plant.
2. They scare off predators.
3. They bring water to the plant.
4. They help plants reproduce.