CLASSIFICATION
ADDING ORDER
Engage
Alien Planet Story
Explore
• Making a Dichotomous Key
Explain
Why Classify?
to bring order to the large number of
various organisms
Process is called taxonomy
Assigning Scientific Names
1. Early Efforts at Naming Organisms
1. Used common names
2. Very confusing
3. Very complex
2. Binomial Nomenclature
1. Carolus Linnaeus in the 18th century
2. Each species is assigned a two part
scientific name
1. Homo sapien
Flowchart
Linnaeus’s System of Classification
Section 18-1
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
Classification of Ursus arctos
Section 18-1
Grizzly bear Black bear
Giant
panda
Red fox
Coral Sea star
Abert
squirrel snake
KINGDOM Animalia
PHYLUM Chordata
CLASS Mammalia
ORDER Carnivora
FAMILY Ursidae
GENUS Ursus
SPECIES Ursus arctos
Section Outline
Modern Evolutionary
Classification
Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram
A. Evolutionary Classification
Section 18-2
A. Lines of evolutionary descent
Appendages
Conical Shells
Crab
Barnacle
Crustaceans
Crab
Barnacle
Limpet
Gastropod
Limpet
Molted
exoskeleton
Segmentation
Tiny free-swimming larva
CLADOGRAM
CLASSIFICATION
BASED ON VISIBLE
SIMILARITIES
–
B. Classification
Using Cladograms
Traditional Classification Versus Cladogram
•
Derived characters
Section 18-2
–
Characteristics that appear in recent parts of
the lineage
Appendages
Crab
Conical Shells
Barnacle
Limpet
Crustaceans
Crab
Gastropod
Barnacle
Limpet
Molted
exoskeleton
Segmentation
Tiny free-swimming larva
CLASSIFICATION
BASED ON VISIBLE
SIMILARITIES
CLADOGRAM
C. Similarities in DNA and RNA
–
Similarities at
the molecular
level show how
closely organism
are related
Section Outline
Six Kingdoms System
Kingdom
Kingdom
Kingdom
Kingdom
Kingdom
Kingdom
ArcheaBacteria
EuBacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
Concept Map
Section 18-3
Living
Things
are characterized by
Eukaryotic
cells
and differing
Important
characteristics
which place them in
Cell wall
structures
such as
Domain
Eukarya
Prokaryotic cells
which is subdivided into
which place them in
Domain
Bacteria
Domain
Archaea
which coincides with
which coincides with
Kingdom
Eubacteria
Kingdom
Archaebacteria
Kingdom
Plantae
Kingdom
Fungi
Kingdom
Protista
Kingdom
Animalia
Key Characteristics of Kingdoms and Domains
Section 18-3
Classification of Living Things
DOMAIN
Bacteria
Archaea
KINGDOM
Eubacteria
Archaebacteria
Eukarya
Protista
Prokaryote
Prokaryote
Eukaryote
Cell walls with
peptidoglycan
Cell walls
without
peptidoglycan
Unicellular
MODE OF
NUTRITION
Autotroph or
heterotroph
EXAMPLES
Streptococcus, Methanogens,
halophiles
Escherichia
coli
CELL TYPE
CELL
STRUCTURES
NUMBER OF
CELLS
Fungi
Eukaryote
Plantae
Animalia
Eukaryote
Eukaryote
Cell walls of
Cell walls of
cellulose in
chitin
some; some
have chloroplasts
Cell walls of
cellulose;
chloroplasts
No cell walls or
chloroplasts
Unicellular
Most unicellular;
some colonial;
some
multicellular
Most
multicellular;
some
unicellular
Multicellular
Multicellular
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Autotroph or
heterotroph
Heterotroph
Autotroph
Heterotroph
Amoeba,
Paramecium,
slime molds,
giant kelp
Mushrooms,
yeasts
Mosses, ferns,
flowering
plants
Sponges,
worms, insects,
fishes,
mammals
Elaboration
• Donut Sort
• Silly Science
– Discover the silly scientific name of each of
the given objects
• Using a Dichotomous Key
– You will use a real dichotomous key to classify
organisms provided in the given pictures.