Scientific Classification
&
The Six Kingdoms
Protista
Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Plantae
Fungi
Animalia
Why do we classify living things?
• The classification system
helps us to better describe
more of the interdependence
between life on our planet.
• By classifying organisms we
can better understand how
they work together in
ecosystems.
• Systems in our body and on
our earth consist of structures
and functions.
How did classification come about?
• Before the 1700’s- Scientists
divided organisms into two groupsuntil they found organisms that did
not fit into either group
• In the 1700’s - Carolus Linnaeus
founded modern taxonomy which is classifying living things
based on shape and structure
• The seven-level system of
classification was founded
Scientific Classification
Scientific classification is a method
by which biologists group or
categorize species of organisms.
Domain  Does
Kingdom King
Phylum  Phillip
Class  Come
Order  Over
Family  For
Genus  Green
Species  Spaghetti
Example: Human
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primate
Family: Hominidae
Genus: Homo
Species: H. sapiens
Example: Tiger
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Carnivora
Family: Feidae
Genus: Panthera
Species: P. tigris
Example: Coconut Palm Tree
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Plantae
Phylum: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Arecales
Family: Arecaceae
Genus: Cocos
Species: C. nucifera
Three:
Domains (Super Kingdoms)
Domains are the broadest classification
level.
Biologists organized all living organisms into
either
1. Eukarya
2. Archaea
3. EuBacteria
Fungi
Protists
Examples of Protista
Locomotion
This microscopic protist
uses cilia to move around.
Cilia are hair-like
organelles extending from
a eukaryotic cell to aid in
locomotion.
This protist uses a flagellum for
locomotion. A flagellum is a long,
whip-like organelle.
This protist uses pseudopodia to get
around. Pseudo- means “fake” and –
podia means “feet.” The cytoplasm of
the cell temporarily moves about to aid
in locomotion.
Sketch these pictures on
your notes.
Archaebacteria
• Ancient bacteria that thrives in extreme
environments
• Have existed for at least 3 billion years
• Prokaryotic
• Single-celled
• Reproduce asexually
• Some make their own food
• Some move independently
• Love heat, moisture, & salt
• Form yellow and orange
rings around hot springs where the temperature is
about 90 degrees Celsius
Examples of Archaebacteria
Sketch these pictures
on your notes.
Rings of archaebacteria
around a hot spring
A species of
archaebacteria
Underwater
sea vent
Eubacteria
Sketch these
pictures on your
notes.
• All modern bacteria; excludes Archaebacteria
• Contains most bacteria that live on or near the
Earth’s surface and most of the bacteria alive today
• Prokaryotic
E. Coli
• Single-celled
• Reproduce asexually
• Some make their own food
• Some move independently
• Can be found in the human body
• Esherichia coli- bacteria that lives in the human
intestines that helps blood clot; E coli- changes milk
into yogurt; Some cause illness in humans such as
ear and sinus infections
Plantae (plants)
• The kingdom that contains plants
• Complex, multi-cellular organisms
that are usually green and use the
sun’s energy to make sugar by photosynthesis
• Eukaryotic cells with cell walls
• Most are macroscopic
• Can not move independently
• Some reproduce sexually, others asexually
• Some live in areas with good rain fall; others can live
where there is little rain fall like the desert
• Used for food, building materials, clothing, oxygen,
cleaning the air…
Sketch these pictures on your
notes.
Protista
• Single or multi-cellular organisms that do not
fit in the animal, plant, or fungi kingdom (most
are single-celled)
• Eukaryotic
• Most are microscopic
• Reproduce asexually- offspring come from a
single (one) parent, and inherit the genes of that
parent only
• Move independently using cilia, flagella, or
pseudopodia
• Some make their own food; others do not
• Some may be found in fresh-water ponds
• Examples: Protozoa (animal-like protists), Algae
(plant-like protists), slime and water molds
(fungi-like protists), Paramecium, and Euglena
Athlete’s
Foot
Fungi
• The kingdom of complex organisms that obtain
food by breaking down other substances in their
surroundings and absorbing the nutrients
• Almost all are multi-cellular
• Eukaryotic
• They were once classified in the plant kingdom, but
they do not make their own food and some are animallike.
• Are considered parasites or decomposers.
• They cannot move independently.
• Reproduce sexually or asexually.
• Environment – like dark and moist places
• Some are microscopic (athletes foot) and some are
macroscopic (mushrooms).
• Interesting fact: Penicillin is made from mold (which is
a fungus).
Animalia (animals)
• Multi-cellular organisms that have a
nervous system and react to their
surroundings.
• Move independently
• Eukaryotic
• Most are macroscopic
• Some reproduce sexually (two parents);
others asexually
• Do not make their own food
Heterotrophs and Autotrophs
Heterotrophs- organisms
that can not make
their own food.
Ex. Humans, deer
Autotrophs- organisms
that can make their
own food.
Ex. Plants, some bacteria