THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
WHAT IS CELLULAR
RESPIRATION?
• Cellular respiration is a chemical reaction
that happens in all cells.
• It uses glucose (sugar) and oxygen to release
energy for the cell.
• The cell uses the energy to grow and
reproduce.
• The chemical equation for this reaction is…
C6H12O6 + 6O2 = 6H2O + 6CO2 + energy
CELLULAR RESPIRATION AND
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
• How do cells get the oxygen they need
to carry out cellular respiration?
– The respiratory and circulatory systems!
• How do cells get rid of the carbon
dioxide waste gas that results from
cellular respiration?
– The respiratory and circulatory systems!
WHAT ARE THE FUNCTIONS OF
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM?
• Brings in the oxygen needed for the
chemical reaction called cellular
respiration
• Removes the carbon dioxide waste
gas that results from the reaction
• Allows for speech
ORGAN SYSTEM - Respiratory System
ORGANS
• Lungs (Main Organs)
• Nose and Nasal Cavity
• Pharynx
• Larynx
• Trachea
• Bronchi
• Alveoli
• Diaphragm
TISSUES
• Epithelial Tissue
– Makes mucous
– Has Cilia
• Cartilage
• Connective Tissue
• Smooth Muscle Tissue
CELLS
• Epithelial Cells
• Sensory Receptor Cells (in
the nose)
• Smooth Muscle cells
• Pneumocytes
Nose and Nasal Cavity
• Receives odors,
sense organ
• Warms and
moistens incoming
air
• Filters air
through hairs and
traps dust in
mucus-lined
passageways
Pharynx
• Region at
back of
mouth
• Passage-way
for air and
food
Larynx
• Voice box or
Adam’s apple
• Contains vocal
cords – elastic
ligaments along
the edge of larynx
that vibrate to
produce sound
• Watch!
• http://tinyurl.com
/2a765hk
Trachea
Cilia
• Windpipe
• Muscular tube that
acts as a passage
way leading from
larynx to lungs
• Held open by Cshaped cartilage
rings
• Walls inside are
lined with cilia to
move mucus
Bronchi
• Two tubes
leading from
the trachea
• One leads to
each lung
• Bring air to and
from lungs
Lungs – External
• Right lung larger –
3 lobed
• Left lung smaller –
2 lobed
• Thin pleural
membrane
protects and
covers surface
Lungs - Internal
• Bronchioles – tiny
tubes that branch
throughout lung
• End in small sacs
called alveoli- the
site of gas exchange
– Oxygen leaves air
sacs and enters
bloodstream
– Carbon dioxide leaves
bloodstream and
enters lungs
SPECIAL STRUCTURES ALVEOLI
Diaphragm
The flat muscle beneath the lungs that
contracts and relaxes to help move
oxygen into the lungs and carbon
dioxide out of the lungs
THE PATH OF AIR
• WATCH THIS!
http://www.lung.org/your-lungs/howlungs-work/
INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER
BODY SYSTEMS
• The respiratory system interacts with the
circulatory system because blood carries
oxygen gas needed by all cells from the lungs
to the rest of the body. When cells use the
oxygen and glucose in the mitochondria to
release energy, the waste gas carbon dioxide
is produced. The blood carries the waste gas
to the heart where it is pumped to the lungs
and is exchanged for oxygen. This circulation
between the heart and lungs is called
pulmonary circulation.
INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER
BODY SYSTEMS
• The respiratory system interacts with the
muscular system because the process of
bringing air into the lungs or inhalation
and the process of sending carbon
dioxide out of the lungs or exhalation is
controlled by an involuntary, smooth
muscle called the diaphragm.
INHALING AND EXHALING
INHALE = CONTRACTING MUSCLES
EXHALE = RELAXED MUSCLES
INHALING AND EXHALING
• During inhalation, the muscles surrounding the
rib cage that protects the lungs contract and
enlarge the chest cavity. At the same time, the
diaphragm contracts and flattens out, also
increasing the volume of the chest cavity. Air
rushes in to fill the increased volume.
• During exhalation, the muscles in the rib cage
and the diaphragm relax, decreasing the
volume of the chest cavity and forcing air out.
Thought Question
• What is the main function of the
respiratory system?
– To bring oxygen into the body that can be
delivered by the blood to the body cells
Thought Question
• What is the difference between
respiration and cellular respiration?
– Respiration is the exchange of gases
(oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the
body’s cells and the external environment
– Cellular respiration is the process used by
the body cells for gaining energy through
the burning of glucose (C6H12O6) in the
presence of oxygen (this is why we need to
breath in oxygen)
Thought Question
• What is the function of the diaphragm?
– Functions in breathing
– During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts and
moves down which creates more space in the
thoracic cavity (chest). This creates low pressure
inside the cavity and high pressure outside the
cavity and air rushes from high pressure (outside
body) to the low pressure (inside the body)
– During exhalation, the diaphragm relaxes and
moves up which creates high pressure inside the
chest and causes air to rush out of the body.
Thought Question
• How do freshwater and marine
organisms get their oxygen?
– Oxygen is dissolved into water in the form of very tiny
bubbles. When organisms with gills like fish breathe, they
constantly move water through their gills and tiny capillaries
in the gills absorb the tiny dissolved oxygen bubbles into
their circulatory systems
Thought Question
• What organ do marine organisms have as an
adaptation rather than lungs?
– Gills
Thought Question
• What cell organelle corresponds most
closely to the respiratory system?
– The cell membrane is semi-permeable and
allows some materials to flow into and out
of the cell. The membrane does allow
oxygen from the blood into the cell and
waste gas (carbon dioxide) to leave the cell
and enter the blood.
Thought Question
• What are some common respiratory
disorders?
– Respiratory infections (colds, flu)
– Pneumonia
– Chronic bronchitis
– Emphysema
– Lung cancer
– Asthma
Respiratory Disorders
Cancerous Lung
Name the Organs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Nose, nasal cavity
Mouth
Larynx
Lung
Bronchi
Diaphragm
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchiole
Alveoli