Coloring the
Periodic Table
Families
6th Grade Science
Mr. Rohde
Part
One
If
only it was
that easy…..
Learning Goal for This Unit

To describe the composition
and structure of the Earth.
I am Dmitri Mendeleev!
I made the PERIODIC TABLE !
Mendeleev



In 1869, Dmitri Ivanovitch
Mendeléev created the first accepted
version of the periodic table.
He grouped elements according to
their atomic mass, and as he did, he
found that the families had similar
chemical properties.
Blank spaces were left open to add
the new elements he predicted
would occur.

Today, we are going to set up the
periodic table into their groups. Please
have out these colors:





Orange
Green
Blue
Red
Yellow
Families on the Periodic Table



Elements on the periodic table can be
grouped into families bases on their
chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to
differentiate it from the other families in
the periodic table.
Elements in each family
react differently with
other elements.
Families



Columns of elements are
called groups or families.
Elements in each family
have similar but not
identical properties.
All elements in a family
have the same number of
valence electrons.
Periods



Each horizontal row of
elements is called a
period.
The elements in a period
are not alike in properties.
The first element in a
period is always an
extremely active solid. The
last element in a period, is
always an inactive gas.
ALKALI METALS
Group 1
 Hydrogen is not a
member, it is a non-metal
 1 electron in the outer shell
 Very reactive, esp. with
water
 Conduct electricity
ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Group 2
 2 electrons in
the outer shell
 Reactive
 Conduct
electricity
TRANSITION METALS
Groups in the
middle



Good conductors
of heat and
electricity.
Some are used
for jewelry..
Can bond with
many elements
BORON FAMILY
Group 3
 3 electrons in
the outer shell
 Most are
metals
CARBON FAMILY
Group 4
 4 electrons in
the outer shell
NITROGEN FAMILY
Group 5
 5 electrons in
the outer shell
 Can share
electrons to
form
compounds
OXYGEN FAMILY
Group 6
 6 electrons in
the outer shell
Halogens
Group 7
 7 electrons in
the outer shell
 All are nonmetals
 Very reactive
are often
bonded with
elements from
Group 1
Noble Gases
Group 8
 Exist as gases
 Non-metals
 8 electrons in
the outer shell =
Full
 Not reactive with
other elements
Rare Earth Metals
Some are
Radioactive
 Conduct
electricity

Review Game:

Click on this link to help you study your
elements:

http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/periodi
ctable_0_click_common.html
Now that we have set up the
periodic table, let’s delve in 
Exit Ticket Time
Periodic Table
Drawing the Elements
Part 2
Let’s start with a joke……
 What
do you do with
a sick chemist?
 If
you can't helium, and
you can't curium, then
you might as well
barium.
Learning Goal for This Unit

To describe the composition
and structure of the Earth.
Bohr Diagrams
1)
2)
3)
Find your element on the periodic table.
Determine the number of electrons – it is
the same as the atomic number.
This is how many electrons you will draw.
Bohr Diagrams
•
•
•
Find out which period
(row) your element is
in.
Elements in the 1st
period have one
energy level.
Elements in the 2nd
period have two
energy levels, and so
on.
www.chem4kids
Bohr Diagrams
1)
C
2)
3)
Draw a nucleus
with the element
symbol inside.
Carbon is in the
2nd period, so it
has two energy
levels, or shells.
Draw the shells
around the
nucleus.
Bohr Diagrams
1)
2)
C
3)
Add the electrons.
Carbon has 6
electrons.
The first shell can
only hold 2
electrons.
Bohr Diagrams
1)
C
2)
Since you have 2
electrons already
drawn, you need
to add 4 more.
These go in the
2nd shell.
Bohr Diagrams
1)
2)
C
Check your work.
You should have
6 total electrons
for Carbon.
Copy this chart:
Number of Shells
Number of Electrons
1
2
2
8
3
18
4
32
5
32
6
32
7
32
Now you’re ready to
draw Bohr diagrams for
the Alkali metals.
Periodic Table of Elements
Part
3
Learning Goal for This Unit

To describe the composition
and structure of the Earth.
Elements

The elements,
alone or in
combinations,
make up our
bodies, our world,
our sun, and in
fact, the entire
universe.

Last week, you took a look at the Alkali
metals. We talked about the Valence
electrons and how they are the
electrons that react or mix with other
mixtures or elements. Let’s see them
in action.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uixxJtJ
PVXk
Elements


Science has come
along way since
Aristotle’s theory of
Air, Water, Fire, and
Earth.
Scientists have
identified 94 naturally
occurring elements,
and created about 24
others.
The most abundant element in the
earth’s crust is oxygen.
All About the Periodic Table
Article


When you read this article, please take
notes on the three sections (structure,
classification, and chemical
properties).
We will be discussing this shortly.
Periodic Table

The periodic table organizes the elements in
a particular way. A great deal of information
about an element can be gathered from its
position in the period table.

Understanding the organization and plan of
the periodic table will help you obtain basic
information about each of the 117 KNOWN
elements.
Let’s unlock the information found on the
Periodic Table!!!
Key to the Periodic Table

Elements are
organized on the table
according to their
atomic number,
usually found near the
top of the square.
 The atomic number
refers to how many
protons an atom of
that element has.
What’s in a square?

Different periodic
tables can include
various bits of
information, but
usually:





atomic number
symbol
atomic mass
number of valence
(electrons the element
shares) electrons
state of matter at room
temperature.
Atomic Number


This refers to how
many protons an
atom of that
element has.
No two elements,
have the same
number of protons.
Bohr Model of ________Atom
Wave Model
Atomic Mass


Atomic Mass refers
to the “weight” of
the atom.
It is derived at by
adding the number
of protons with the
number of
neutrons.
This is a ________atom.
H
What is its atomic number?
How to find the number of
electrons, protons, and
neutrons.


Electrons are the same as the Atomic
number. This number also gives you
the number of protons.
For neutrons, find the atomic mass
(rounded to nearest whole number).
 Atomic mass=Protons + Neutrons
Exit Ticket Time 

Today, you will be completing an exit
ticket that asks you to:



Construct Bohr models
Describe protons, electrons, and
neutrons
Calculate the number of protons,
electrons, and neutrons that you would
find in an element.
Symbols
C
Cu

Carbon
Copper

All elements have
their own unique
symbol.
It can consist of a
single capital letter,
or a capital letter
and one or two
lower case letters.
Common Elements and
Symbols
Valence Electrons



The number of valence
electrons an atom has
may also appear in a
square.
Valence electrons are the
electrons in the outer
energy level of an atom.
These are the electrons
that are transferred or
shared when atoms bond
together.
Properties of Metals



Metals are good conductors
of heat and electricity.
Metals are shiny.
A chemical property of
metal is its reaction with
water which results in
corrosion.
Properties of Non-Metals




Sulfur
Non-metals are poor
conductors of heat and
electricity.
Solid non-metals are
brittle and break
easily.
They are dull.
Many non-metals are
gases.
Properties of Metalloids



Silicon
Metalloids (metal-like)
have properties of both
metals and non-metals.
They are solids that can
be shiny or dull.
They conduct heat and
electricity better than nonmetals but not as well as
metals.
Exit Ticket:
Transition Metals:
Part 4
Learning Goal for This Unit

To describe the composition
and structure of the Earth.
Opening Ceremony for Sochi
Olympics?
Why would this be there?

Remember the rules for constructing
Bohr Models:
Number of Shells
Number of Electrons
1
2
2
8
3
18
4
32
5
32
6
32
7
32

In order to start creating compounds
and mixtures, we have one more part
of the periodic table left to look at…….
The Transition Metals
Rules for constructing
transition metals:



Every shell (excluding the last shell)
should have electrons in pairs.
The same rule applies with the period
telling us how many shells the element
has.
There is NO rule for the number of
Valence Electrons.


Please get out your individual white
boards from your desk and lets get
ready to construct some Bohr Models

We’ll start with a review and then get
into the Transition Metals.
Exit Ticket:
1.
2.
3.
How many Valence Electrons are in
the element Bromine (Halogen)?
Why was there a picture of the
periodic table at the Olympics?
Construct a Bohr Model for the
element Silver (47 electrons. 5th
period. 108 mass)
Compounds and Mixtures
Part
5
Learning Goal for This Unit

To describe the composition
and structure of the Earth.
Mixtures, elements,
compounds



Scientists like to classify things.
One way that scientists classify matter
is by its composition.
Ultimately, all matter can be classified
as mixtures, elements and
compounds.
Why isn’t it a good idea to
classify matter by its phases?

Because one kind of substance can exist in
more than one phase – such as H20. And matter
changes phases rather easily.
What does it mean to be
reactive?



Elements that are reactive bond easily with other
elements to make compounds.
Some elements are only found in nature bonded
with other elements.
What makes an element reactive?



An incomplete valence electron level.
All atoms (except hydrogen) want to have 8 electrons in
their very outermost energy level
Atoms bond until this level is complete. Atoms with few
valence electrons lose them during bonding.
Ionic vs Covalent Bonding


Ionic: electron(s) leave one atom &
gained by another atom to satisfy both
atoms’ octets, this results in the
formation of ions. The resulting
opposite charges attract each other.
Covalent: electrons are shared by two
or more atoms to satisfy their octets.
How can you tell if a bond is
IONIC or COVALENT?

Easy way:
All metals = metallic bond
Nonmetals and Metals = ionic bond
All nonmetals = covalent bond


The closer the elements are on the
periodic table, their electronegativities
are more similar… more likely to form
covalent bonds
Farther away… greater difference in
electronegativity… more likely to form
ionic bonds.


Metal + nonmetal = usually ionic
Nonmetal + nonmetal = usually covalent.
5
What is an ELEMENT?
o
A substance
composed of a
single kind of
atom.
o
Cannot be broken
down into another
substance by
chemical or
physical means.
What is a COMPOUND?
o
A substance in
which two or
more different
elements are
CHEMICALLY
bonded together.
What is a MIXTURE?
o
Two or more
substances that
are mixed
together but are
NOT chemically
bonded.
Element, Compound or
Mixture?
Element, Compound or
Mixture?
Element, Compound or
Mixture?
Element, Compound or
Mixture?
Element, Compound or
Mixture?
Element, Compound or
Mixture?